Transcript 13 Causes of the Civil War

Civil War
Causes of the Civil War
13 Causes of the Civil War
•
•
•
•
Fugitive Slave Law
Congressmen battle
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas- Nebraska
Act
• Sectionalism
• Republican
Party
• Slavery
• State’s Rights
• Dredd Scott
And…………………..
• Harper’s Ferry
• Loss of
Southern Power
And Weak Presidents…………
• In the oval office
13th President
• Fillmore
14th President………
• Pierce
15th President: Only Bachelor
• 1850-1853
Then the election of a strong man
• Intelligent
• Insightful
• Bold
Who was so unpopular in the South
• Was not even on the ballot
Buchanan’s Actions
• 1857 Dredd Scott Decision
• 1859 John Brown’s attack on
Harper’s Ferry
1861 Confederate States of
• America formed
th
16
• 1861-1865
President
# 1 Concern is to Save the
• Union
Not an abolitionist !!!!!!
• Keep the country together
Distrusted by many
• Had to sneak into Washington on a train
Lincoln’s Actions
•
•
•
•
1861 Civil War Begins
1863 Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Gettysburg
1865 Lee Surrenders at
Appomattox Courthouse
# !. Fugitive Slave Law: P. 327 328
• A. It’s part of the Great
Compromise.
• B. Provides for the recovery of
run- away slaves in free states.
Fugitive Slave Act
• C. Federal Marshals were required
to assist in the recovery.
• D. Kidnapping of Freed African
Americans increases.
Not Me !!!!!!!! I’m Free…
• Shipped out without jury trial
Judicial Protection????
• I don’t think so!
Judges pay varies
• $10.oo to rule that he /she is a
slave
• $ 5. 00 to rule that they are freed
Is this Fair?
• I don’t think so.
But it makes people think about
• Slavery
And
• The accused are not allowed to
testify on their own behalf
• They are not allowed a jury trial
If someone helps a runaway slave
• They can be fined up to $1,000.
, plus 6 months in jail.
So…………………
• Many fled to Canada.
• 300 + or – were returned.
• Northerners grow in numbers as
Abolitionists.
• Northern Newspapers report tales
Harriet Tubman = Conductor
• Secretly transported runaways to
freedom to Northern States &
Canada : Moses
Underground Railroad
• led more than three hundred slaves,
including her parents, north to freedom
during the decade preceding the Civil War.
scout, spy, and nurse
• This rare photograph, pasted in the
scrapbook among items dated 1911, was
most likely taken at Tubman's home in
Auburn about two years before her death
Personal Liberty Laws
• Many Northern states pass these in
response to the Fugitive Slave laws
• Forbade State Officials from
cooperating with Feds
• Conflict between Federal & State
• Conflict between North & South
Kansas- Nebraska Act
• Stephen Douglas,Illinois,
negotiates the transcontinental
railroad route.
• Wants Chicago to be the hub
• He owns land there
2 Territories : Kansas / Nebraska
• Kansas = Slave State as thousands of
armed “voters” turn out
Moving Closer To War
• The north grew more united.
• 7 Southern States seceded.
Tennessee is the last to leave
• And the first to re-enter the
Union
Virginia seceded from the Union.
More causes of War
• Lincoln did not want to treat
Confederacy as independent nation.
• Northern troops retreated from Bull
Run.
Fort Sumter = Union Fort
• 1st Shots of the Civil War are here.
Fort Sumter became an issue.
• Confederates attack Fort Sumter.
• Union held out for 34 hours.
Facts
• 1861-1865 = Civil War
• More Americans died in this
war, than any other war in
American History
• 600,000 died
The North : Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
North
Largest # of people
More soldiers
71% of nation’s r.r.
Produced 92% of nation’s goods
Southern Advantages
•
• South
• 29% of r.r.’s
• 8% of
manufactured
goods
• Grew cotton &
tobacco
Southern Advantages
• Britain & France
Support
• Military Talent
• Military Officers
• Strong belief in
the cause
• Know the
territory
Facts
• Confederate
Forces:
• 800,ooo total size
• 190,000
• 104,000
• 258,000
Union Facts
• Union Forces:
• Total Size = 2,100,000
• Total draftees & substitutions =
164,000
• Total Desertions = 200,000
• Total Deaths = 360,000
Confederate =
Jefferson Davis
• Capital is
• Richmond, Va.
• Later
Montgomery,
Ala.
Union – Abraham Lincoln
Mobilizing For War
Conscription Laws
Substitutions
Desertions
Financing
Ironclads
• Submarines
…………..
Improvements in Weapons
• Repeating Rifle
• Ships = driven
by steam
instead of wind
• Ironclads =
Merimac and
the Monitor
Civil War Battles
Lots of Bloody Messes
Robert E. Lee
• Hero, Gentlemen
• Military Genius
Bull Run or Manassas
• 25 miles from the capital, July 1961
• Picnic Battle
• Entertaining?
Bull Run : 1st Battle
• Beauregard = Confederate general
routes the larger Union Army lead by:
• McDowell = Union General
Bull Run or Manassas
Thomas Jackson
• Stonewall
Gen. George McClellan
• Takes over the Union Army
• Peninsula Campaign
• Drills, and Drills, and Drills his
Troops
• Refuses to Attack
The Napoleon of America
• Gen. George McClellan
See the resemblance?
• Gen. McClellan & wife
3 Part Union Strategy
• 1. East : Take Richmond
• 2. West : Drive the Confederacy from
the Mississippi and Tennessee River
valleys in an attempt to cut the
Confederacy in two.
• 3. Blockade the coast to cut supply line
with Europe.
Robert E. Lee & Stonewall
Jackson protect Richmond
•
Battle of Bull Run
• July 1862
• Stonewall Jackson
• South had a clear victory
nd
2
Antietam
• Lincoln meets with McClellan
Antietam or Sharpsburg
• The bloodiest Battle of the War.
• 24,000 dead.
• Union Troops found Lee’s battle plans.
Union Victory
• it could have been so much more
decisive if McClellan had begun an
offensive on the 2nd day.
• McClellan is fired.
Shiloh or Corinth = Railroad
Center for the South
• Out of 75,000 men involved in
battle, 23,000 were killed or
wounded.
Ulysess S. Grant
• Unconditional Surrender
Grant & Staff in Camp
Bloodiest day up to this point.
• Confederates were eventually
defeated.
• Grant and Sherman are leaders.
Changes from Shiloh
• More scouts are needed
• Digging Trenches & build
fortifications.
• Think Defensively
• People give up on an easy, quick war.
Antietam: bloodiest battle
• Massive loss of life
Emancipation Proclamation
Changed the War
"If slavery is not wrong,
nothing is wrong." This is what Abraham
Lincoln stated in a letter to a constituent in
1864.
Beaufort, S.C. where the
Emancipation Proclamation
Was read to the slaves.
The Emancipation
Proclamation
• did not free slaves everywhere.
But it changed the war. From
1863 on, the war for the Union
would also be a war against
Slavery.
Frederick Douglass
• "Once let the black man get upon his person
the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle
on his button, and a musket on his shoulder
and bullets in his pockets, and there is no
power on earth which can deny that he has
earned the right to citizenship in the United
States."
African American Troops
• Union: On July 17, 1862, Congress
passed two acts allowing the
enlistment of African Americans, but
official enrollment occurred only after
the September, 1862 issuance of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
White soldiers and officers believed
that black men lacked the courage to
fight and fight well.
In October, 1862
African American soldiers of the 1st
Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced
their critics by repulsing attacking
Confederates at the battle of Island
Mound, Missouri. By August, 1863, 14
Negro Regiments were in the field and
ready for service.
African American soldiers
comprised 10% of the entire Union
Army. Losses among African
Americans were high, and from all
reported casualties, approximately onethird of all African Americans enrolled
in the military lost their lives during
the Civil War.
African Americans in War
• Picket Post was a slaughter of troops.
Fredricksburg
• December 1862
• Burnside ( think Sideburns)
New Orleans
• Admiral Farragut, a
Tennessee Unionist took the
city + Baton Rouge, Natchez,
then Memphis
Chancellorsville
• Stonewall Jackson is
accidentally shot by a
Confederate and dies a few days
later.
• Union defeat is humiliating
Lee says,
• Jackson has lost his left hand,
but I have lost my right hand.
Gettysburg
• Confederate Defeat, stopped Lee
Vicksburg
• Grant’s 6 week blockade.
• Surrender on the 4th of July, not
celebrated in Mississippi until
120 years later.
Stop the cotton trading
• Vicksburg , Ms.
• Starving soldiers
• Starving civilians
William T. Sherman
• Revenge
Battle of Gettysburg
• Union dead
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Atlanta to Savannah
• Destroys everything in his path,
cotton factories, fields, crops,
buildings,
Destruction
• Punishing the South.
• Pay back time
Grant And Lee
• Lee Surrenders on April 9
• Appottomax Courthouse, Va.
Wilber McLean’s Home
• Lee Surrenders to Grant
• Where it all began
within a month.
• Jefferson Davis is captured in
Georgia on May 10.
Ford’s Theatre
Lincoln is assassinated
• at Ford Theatre on April 14
Then :
• by an unemployed,
Confederate actor, John
Wilkes Booth.
His Weapon
• Sic semper tyrannis!" (Latin for "Thus
always to tyrants“)
On the run for 12 Days
• Dies on the Front porch the Garret’s
Lincoln’s Funeral
John Wilkes Booth
• Co conspirators are hanged.
A Country Divided Cannot
• Stand
• United We are Strong
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Relief,
education, and
employment of
former slaves
• 40 acres and a
mule
Andrew Johnson , from Tn.
• becomes President.