Transcript The Civil War

BELL WORK
04/02/15
After the end of the Revolutionary War, states
were eager to expand into newly available
territory. The states of New York, Connecticut,
Massachusetts, and Virginia argued over
competing claims to land west of the
Appalachian Mountains. This conflict was
addressed by the —
F. Missouri Compromise
G. Wilmot Proviso
H. Northwest Ordinance
J. Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Civil War
About the War
• Both sides felt that their cause was just. The south believed that
the north was trampling on its rights. They were fighting to
preserve the southern way of life.The north felt that the south had
no right to leave the union. They fought to preserve the Union.
• Each side, though, thought that the war would only last a few
weeks at the longest.
• In the beginning of the war, abolishing slavery was NOT a goal of
the north.
• They thought it would be over quickly – 90
day enlistments in the North – it lasted 4
years.
• North had advantages at the start
Reasons for Fighting
North
• To save the Union
• To abolish slavery –
not an official goal at
the start of the war
South
• To leave the Union
• To keep their way of
life, including slavery
• The war for Southern
Independence
Border States
• 7 states seceded in 1860
• 4 more quickly joined – Virginia, N.
Carolina, Tennessee & Arkansas
• 4 slave states stayed in the Union –
Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware & Missouri
– not universally supported – attacks on
troops – martial law in Maryland
Dividing the Nation
North & South
Northern strengths & weaknesses
• large population food production &
military service.
• most of the nation’s
factories.
• strong navy and a
large fleet of
merchant ships.
• had to conquer a huge
area.
• invading unfamiliar
land.
• Long Union supply
lines
Southern strengths & weaknesses
• a strong reason to fight.
• knew the southern
countryside.
• Southern civilians helped
the Confederate forces.
• few factories
• few networked railroads
• The Confederate
constitution favored
states’ rights and limited
the central government. difficult to get things
done.
• small population
compared to the North.
few ships.
The War’s Leaders
Jefferson Davis
•Confederate President
•attended the U.S.
Military Academy at
West Point
•was an officer in the
Mexican War
•was Secretary of War
under President
Franklin Pierce
•was respected for his
honesty and courage
The War’s Leaders
Abraham Lincoln
•Union President
•limited experience in
national politics
•no military experience
•turned out to be a
strong leader and fine
war planner
•had a sense of humor
•could accept criticism
Confederate Commander
Robert E. Lee
•Lincoln had asked
him to command
the Union army
•was loyal to his
state of Virginia
No Easy Victory
No Easy Victory
• Plan for victory of each side
• No quick end to the war.
• Confederate victories
• Union victories
Union Plan for Victory
• First Plan – The Anaconda Plan – strangle
the south into submission by cutting off its
supply lines.
This plan was
ambitious but
would be slow. It
was modified by
adding land
attacks
Union Strategies for Winning
• Use the navy to blockade southern ports.
• In the East, seize Richmond, the Confederate capital.
• In the West, seize control of the Mississippi River.
– Prevent use of the river to supply troops
– Separate Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the rest of the
Confederacy.
Confederate Strategies
• Fight a defensive war
until northerners tired of
fighting and gave up. They
hoped that the war would
become unpopular and
Lincoln would have to end
it.
North is on Offense
• Use European money
and supplies to help
fight the war. They
expected Europeans
to recognize the
Confederacy (but
none did).
South is on Defense
No Quick End to the War
Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861
• Lincoln sent troops to
attack Richmond.
• Union and
Confederate troops
clashed at Bull Run.
• Union troops
retreated.
• Lincoln appoints
General George
McClellan to be the
new commander.
• Troops need to be
trained
• Union commander
McDowell is replaced
by McClellan
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam
/maps/antietam-animated-map.html
No Quick End to the War
Richmond March 1862
• McClellan trains
troops and moved
toward Richmond.
• Lincoln can’t send
more troops south
• Union is reluctant to
fight
• McClellan retreats
• He turns out to be too
cautious.
• Robert E. Lee attacks
• Stonewall Jackson
goes north to
threaten Washington,
D.C.
Naval Action
• Blockade of southern ports becomes
effective – trade drops by more than 90%.
• Confederates develop an ironclad ship
from an abandoned Union warship.
Naval Action
• Confederates covered the
Merrimack, with iron plates
and renamed it the Virginia.
• It was later sunk when the
Union captured Norfolk.
• The Union also built an
ironclad, the Monitor.
• The Virginia and the
Monitor fought each
other.
Battle of Antietam
Sept 1862
• Hoping for a southern victory on
northern soil, Lee marched into
Maryland.
• McClellan learned of Confederate
plans, but was slow to attack.
• At last, the two sides met.
• Both sides suffered great losses.
• 87,000 Union forces (12,400 killed or
wounded)
• 45,000 Confederate (10,300 killed or
wounded)
Battle of Antietam
Sept 1862
• No clear victory for
either side.
• Lee retreats- Union
claims victory
• Because Lee withdrew,
northern morale was
raised.
• Lincoln replaced the
cautious McClellan
with Ambrose Burnside.
Confederate Victories in the East
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
VIDEO
Confederate Victories
Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862
• Lee’s forces met
Burnside’s army.
• Lee’s forces dug
into the crest of a
hill.
• As Union troops
charged, they have
to cross an open
area & then climb
uphill into waiting
Confederate forces.
• Confederate guns
mowed them down.
Battle of Fredericksburg December
1862
• One of the Union’s
worst defeats
• Troops
Union: 115,000
Confederate: 78,000
• Casualties (killed,
wounded /missing
/captured)):
Union: 12,600
Confederate: 5,300
Confederate Victories
Battle of Chancellorsville
May 1863
• Lee, aided by Stonewall
Jackson, outmaneuvered
Union forces in a thickly
wooded area.
• Lee and Jackson defeated
the Union troops in a threeday battle.
• Jackson is shot by mistake
and dies several days later.
Union Victories in the West
• February 1862 - Union
troops under Ulysses S.
Grant captured two
Tennessee forts - Henry
& Donelson.
• They gain control of two
tributaries of the
Mississippi.
Union Victories in the West
Battle of Shiloh
April 6–7, 1862
Battle of New Orleans
April 1862
• 2 day battle - General Ulysses
S Grant loses ground on day 1
• Confederate forces surprise
Grant and drive him back
toward the river.
• With the aid of fresh troops,
Grant beat back the
Confederates.
• The Union wins control of the
Tennessee River.
• 20,000 Casualties
•Union gunboats captured
New Orleans.
•Other ships captured
Memphis, Tennessee.
•The Union now controlled
both ends of the Mississippi
and the South can no longer
use the river as a supply line.
Choosing Sides Map- Pg 92
• Color the Union States
• Color the Confederate
States
• Color the Border States
• Color the states that joined the nation
AFTER April 1861
• Color the territories
• Draw a border line between the CSA and
the USA