Transcript 8.3 Chapter Lecture Notes

Chapter 8.3: The Counter Reformation
Ignatius of
Loyola and
the Jesuits:
“Agents of
the Pope”
I. The Church Tries to Reform Itself
1. The Church set out to defeat Protestantism. This
effort is the Counter-Reformation.
2. Pope Paul III set up the Council of Trent, which
made reforms, clarified Catholic beliefs and
created strict policies for the clergy. Seminaries
were special schools to train priests.
3. The Jesuits, known as the Society of Jesus, were
founded by Ignatius of Loyola. They taught,
preached, and fought heresy.
II. Religious Wars of Europe
1. Many French nobles became Huguenots, or
French Protestants. Catherine de’ Medici
refused to compromise with the Protestants.
2. There was a long civil war between Catholics
and Protestants. Henry IV (a Huguenot)
agreed to become Catholic. The Edict of
Nantes made Catholicism the official
religion, but Huguenots could worship freely.
Tomás de Torquemada
Spanish Inquisition
3. The Thirty Years’ War, the worst religious
war, was between Protestant and Catholic
kingdoms fought in the Holy Roman Empire
4. Ferdinand and Isabella wanted all people in
Spain to be Catholic. The Spanish Inquisition
headed by Tomás de Torquemada was
responsible for executing 2,000 Spaniards.
III. The Legacy of the Reformation
1. The power of the Catholic Church diminished.
2. Monarchies gained greater power.
Divine right to rule
3. Catholic kingdoms sent missionaries to America/Asia.
 Francis Xavier, a Jesuit, arrived in Japan
 Missionaries arrived in Vietnam, the Phillipines
4. European nations and the “new world” divided
between Catholic and Protestant.