Transcript Ch. 15 Sec. 4 - J Go World History

Ch. 15 Sec. 4
The Catholic
Reformation
The Counter Reformation
 In
1530’s the Catholic Church began a
major reform effort known as the
Counter-Reformation – an attempt
to return the church to an emphasis
on spiritual matters
 First, Pope Paul III appointed devout
& learned men as bishops & cardinals
 Second,
he tried to combat heresy by
bringing the Inquisition to Rome
 Third, Pope Paul IV tried to eliminate
heresy by establishing a list of books
that Catholics were forbidden to read
(considered harmful to faith & morals)
 Another effort to combat
Protestantism involved clarifying the
Catholic doctrines on which
authorities often disagreed
 Pope
Paul III called the Council of
Trent, an assembly of church leaders
who met in the mid-1500s to clearly
define official Catholic doctrines
 1. ended abuses in selling indulgences
& tightened discipline w/in the clergy
 2. confirmed most Catholic beliefs
that Protestants had rejected
 3. emphasized the need for
ceremonies & worshipping God w/
splendor
 4.
declared that priests were
important bcuz God granted
forgiveness only through the church
 5. claimed that salvation came from
ceremonial church actions as well as
from faith
 To strengthen support for church,
Catholic religious orders reformed
their rules, & new orders formed
 In
1534 Ignatius de Loyola
founded an order called the society of
Jesus – Jesuits
 Followers took vows of poverty &
obedience to the pope
 Loyola organized the Jesuits like a
military body, w/ discipline & strict
obedience
 Jesuits quickly became effective
agents in spreading Catholicism
 Missions
went as far as China
 In Europe their preaching slowed the
spread of Protestantism
 Jesuits stressed education; founding
some of the best colleges in Europe
 They combined humanist values w/
Catholic doctrine to produce
educated, dedicated supporters of the
church
Results of the Religious Upheaval
 More
than a century of religious wars
 The existence of many different
churches in Europe
 An increased emphasis on education
 Jesuits & other orders worked to
strengthen the faith of Catholics in
their schools
 Protestants
emphasized teaching
reading so that people could study
the Bible
 The Reformation increased the power
of national gov’ts & decreased the
power of the pope
 Many rulers in both Protestant &
Catholic regions gained some degree
of control over their churches