Transcript Counter Reformation

Historiography
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In a nutshell, historiography is the history
of history
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the way it has been written
conflicting objectives pursued by those writing
on it over time,
and the way in which such factors shape our
understanding of the actual event at stake
Historiography – pg 399
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The revival of Roman Catholicism is often
called the Catholic Reformation, although
some historians prefer the term CounterReformation, especially for those elements of
the Catholic Reformation that were directly
aimed at stopping the spread of
Protestantism.
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Catholics and
Protestants in
Europe in 1560
Revival of the Old
Vocabulary = mysticism,
monasticism, piety
 Saint Teresa of Avila
 Benedictines, Dominicans,
Franciscans, Capuchins,
Theatines, Ursulines
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Ecstasy of St. Teresa - Bernini
Jesuits = Society of Jesus
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Founder – Ignatius Loyola
 Spiritual Exercises
Created the Spiritual army of the
Church = fight Protestantism
 Founded superb schools
 Conversions of non-Christians
 Prevent Protestant Spread
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Pope Paul III – approved meeting
 Clear doctine, unity of church
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Pope interprets the bible
 Faith and good works = salvation
 Bible and Church share authority
 Indulgences do work (except false
ones), and other traditions kept
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Forbidden Books
Pope Paul IV – hardliner
 Roman Inquisition – ferret out
doctrinal errors.
 Created Index of Forbidden
Books for burning in Europe.
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Violence in Europe
Protestant Alliance (Schmalkaldic
League) vs. Charles V.
 Peace of Ausburg – allowed
German princes to choose
religion of their area.
 Lead to more divisions.
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So which is it????
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The revival of Roman Catholicism is often
called the Catholic Reformation, although
some historians prefer the term CounterReformation, especially for those elements
of the Catholic Reformation that were
directly aimed at stopping the spread of
Protestantism.