Transcript 投影片 1

Sherry
Tracy
Alison
Jane
Rose
馬丁路德（Martin Luther)1483~1546

A theologian who initiated the
Protestant Reformation
The Ninety-Five Theses
---strongly disputed the Church’s
claim that freedom from God's
punishment of sin could be
purchased with money.
(對於贖罪券表達不滿)

Luther’s Theory
salvation (拯救)is not from good works,
but a free gift of God, received only by
grace through faith in
(信者得救)

--- Challenged the authority of the Pope of
the Roman Catholic Church by teaching
that the Bible is the only source of
divinely revealed knowledge. No need
for Church mediation.
Contribution
translation of the Bible from
Latin into German, making the
Holy Book accessible
 Created hymns to help the
congregation focus and learn
about doctrine
 His marriage opened the door
for priests to marry

Protestants
Denominations(宗派)
divided according to
doctrinal (教義上的)
differences
 The
Lutheran-- by grace alone
through faith alone because of
Christ alone
 The Calvinist-- sovereign grace,
five points of Calvinism
 The Presbyterianism(長老會制)-the sovereignty of God, the
authority of the Scriptures(聖經),
the necessity of grace through
faith in Christ
 Church of England
Debates about Luther
Much scholarly debate has
focused on Luther's writings
about the Jews. His
statements that the Jews'
homes should be destroyed,
their synagogues burned,
money confiscated, and
liberty curtailed were revived
and used in propaganda by
the Nazis from 1933 to 1945.
Protest Against the Church
The Protestant Reformation began on 31
October 1517, in Wittenberg, Saxony, where
Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses
on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences to
the door of the All Saints' Church(a
university notice board), the theses debated
and criticized the Church and the Pope,
but concentrated upon the selling of
indulgences and doctrinal policies about
purgatory, particular judgement, Mariology
(devotion to Mary, Jesus’ Mother), the
intercession of and devotion to the saints,
most of the sacraments, the mandatory
clerical celibacy, including monasticism, and
the authority of the Pope.
In the event, other religious reformers,
such as Ulrich Zwingli, soon followed Martin
Luther’s example.
Influence
Disunion of the Church
 The Thirty Year’s War
 The concept of Catholicism has been
changed
 Counter-Reformation
 Individualism & National
consciousness
 Dialect literature & Education

Thank you