Transcript PPE/ Including Fall Protection Chemical Survey

Personal Protective Equipment in the Past
People have used personal protective
equipment (PPE) for centuries to protect
themselves while they work. For
example:
* Medieval knights had armor
* Blacksmiths have always used a
leather apron
* Cowboys wear leather chaps
* Eskimos wear a heavy parka,
gloves, and boots
* Firemen wear heavy coats and
special helmets
Personal protective equipment
today, as in the past, makes
working safer and you more
productive
The "Personal Protective Equipment" Standard
Personal protection equipment is
important. So important, that in 1994,
OSHA (the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration) established 29
CFR 1910.132-138, the "Personal
Protection Equipment" standard.
Briefly stated, this standard requires
that employers must establish and
administer an effective PPE (Personal
Protection Equipment) program for
employees and that employees be
trained in the proper use of PPE.
Why Eye and Face Protection is Important
Thousands of people are blinded
each year from work related eye
injuries. Injuries that could have
been prevented, if only people
would have used eye or face
protection.
The Delicate Structure of the Eye
Your eyes are very delicate.
You can think of them as the
color television cameras for your brain.
Like a camera, your eyes include:
- A lens that focuses light;
- An iris that controls the amount of light that
enters the eye;
- Receptors that "pick up" the image of what
you see, and;
- An optic nerve that serves as a "cable" to
transmit information from the receptors in your
eye to your brain.
Unlike a television camera that is made
of plastic and metal, your eye is made
of soft tissues and blood vessels.
Damage your eyes, and you have big
trouble. Trouble that is often
permanent.
Why Respiratory Protection is Important
Health hazards in the workplace are a major
concern for both employers and employees.
It is important, though, to remember that
hazardous materials only present a health
hazard when they come into contact with
your body. Hazardous materials can enter
your body in three ways:
1. Ingestion
2. Skin Absorption
3. Inhalation
Because many substances which are health
hazards can become airborne, knowing how
to protect yourself is very important.
Inhalation
Of the three ways that hazardous materials can
enter your body, inhalation is the most common
route of exposure for most materials which are
health hazards. This includes breathing in dust,
fumes, oil mist, and vapors from solvents and
various gases.
The Breathing Process
To better understand how health hazards can
enter your body by inhalation, let's take a closer
look at the breathing process.
-Whenever you take a breath, oxygen rich air is
taken into your body through your mouth and
nose, goes down your windpipe and into your
lungs.
- In your lungs, there are tiny air sacs called
alveoli.
- These delicate air sacs then transfer the oxygen
that is in the air into your blood. At the same time
the oxygen is being absorbed into your
bloodstream, carbon dioxide is being transferred
from your bloodstream into the air sacs.
- When you breathe out, you are ridding
your body of gaseous wastes.
Lung Damage
Inhaling hazardous materials damages the delicate
structure of your lungs. Lungs that have been
damaged are more susceptible to respiratory
diseases. These diseases often cannot be cured, and
eventually lead to death. In short, respiratory
protection is serious business.
Why Head Protection is Important
Your head is a very delicate part of your body. In
and around your head are:
- Your eyes, with which you see;
- Your ears, with which you hear;
- Your nose, with which you smell;
- Your mouth, with which you eat and speak; and
- Your brain, with which you think.
Injuries to the head are very serious. For this reason,
head protection and safety are very important.
Why Head Protection is Important
Your head is a very delicate part of your
body. In and around your head are:
- Your eyes, with which you see;
- Your ears, with which you hear;
- Your nose, with which you smell;
- Your mouth, with which you eat and
speak; and
- Your brain, with which you think.
Injuries to the head are very serious. For
this reason, head protection and safety are
very important.
Potential Hazards
Impact to the Head
Falling or flying objects are a common
cause of head injuries. Also, falling or
walking into hard objects can cause head
injuries. These injuries include neck
sprains, concussions, and skull fractures.
Potential Hazards
Electrical Shocks
Accidents involving electricity result
in electrical shocks and burns.
Potential Hazards
Splashes, Spills, and Drips
Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics,
and molten metals can irritate and
burn the eyes and skin.
Occupational Noise
Noise is a common problem found in many workplaces.
Research has shown that high levels of noise can damage your
hearing. Losing your hearing is a gradual process, and is less
noticeable than other types of workplace injuries. It is, however,
a permanent handicap for those who are affected.
Why Hearing Protection is Important
Hearing protection is important because your
ears are composed of very delicate structures.
Whenever a sound is produced, air is set into
motion as sound waves.
- Sound is collected in the outer ear and
funneled to the eardrum.
- When sound waves hit the eardrum, it
vibrates and sends sound to the middle ear.
- The middle ear amplifies the vibrations
and sends them to the inner ear. The
vibrations stimulate hair cells in the inner
ear and create an electrical impulse.
- This impulse travels to the brain along the
auditory nerve, causing the sensation of sound.
Two Types of Hearing Loss
Damage to the delicate structures of your ears can result in the loss of your
ability to hear. There are two types of hearing loss:
1. Conductive
2. Sensory
Conductive Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss is caused by
damage to or a malfunction of the outer
and middle ear. It results in a decrease
in your hearing, but you can still
understand speech.
Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss
Several medical disorders cause conductive hearing loss. These disorders
can be treated medically or surgically. These disorders are:
- Middle ear infections
- Perforation of the eardrum
- Fixation of the ossicular chain
- Otosclerosis
Sensory Hearing Loss
Sensory hearing loss is a hearing loss
caused by damage to or a malfunction
of the inner ear, auditory nerve, or the
brain. It makes it more difficult to
understand speech, but it does not
result in a decrease in loudness.
Causes of Sensory Hearing Loss
Causes of sensory hearing loss are:
- Hereditary
- Damage to fetus
- Aging
- Noise
- Disease
- Injury
- Drugs
Sensory hearing loss CANNOT be corrected medically or
surgically. It is permanent.
As you can see from the above list, hearing loss in the
workplace would most likely be a sensory hearing loss.
Why Hand Protection is Important
Take a moment to hold your hands out in
front of you. Look at them. They are the
only two hands you will ever have.
It has been estimated that almost 20% of
all disabling accidents on the job involve
the hands. Without your fingers or hands,
your ability to work would be greatly r
reduced.
Human hands are unique. No other
creature in the world has hands that can
grasp, hold, move, and manipulate objects
like human hands. They are one of your
greatest assets. And, as such, must be
protected and cared for.
Potential Hazards
Traumatic Injuries
You can suffer a traumatic injury
to your hands in many ways.
- Tools and machines with a sharp
edges can cut your hands.
- Staples, screwdrivers, nails,
chisels, and stiff wire can puncture
your hands.
- Getting your hands caught in
machinery can sprain, crush, or
remove your hands and fingers.
Potential Hazards
Contact Injuries
Coming into contact with caustic
or toxic chemicals, biological
substances, electrical sources, or
extremely cold or hot objects can
irritate or burn your hands.
WARNING: Toxic substances are
poisonous substances that can be
absorbed through your skin and
enter your body.
Potential Hazards
Repetitive Motion Injuries
Whenever you repeat the same hand
movement over a long period of time, you
run the risk of repetitive motion problems.
Repetitive motion problems often appear as
a numbness or tingling sensation
accompanied by pain and the loss of
gripping power in your hands.
Why Foot Protection is Important
Scientists and engineers for
centuries have marveled at the
design and structure of the human
foot. The human foot is rigid
enough to support the weight of
your entire body, and yet flexible
enough to allow you to run, dance,
play sports, and to take you
anywhere you want to go. Without
your feet and toes, your ability to
work at your job would be greatly
reduced.
Potential Hazards
Impact Injuries
If you have ever stubbed your toe,
you know that impact injuries can
hurt. At work, heavy objects can
fall on your feet. If you work
around sharp objects, you can step
on something sharp and puncture
your foot.
Potential Hazards
Injuries from Spills and Splashes
Liquids such as acids, caustics, and
molten metals can spill into your
shoes and boots. These hazardous
materials can cause chemical and
heat burns.
Potential Hazards
Compression Injuries
Heavy machinery, equipment, and
other objects can roll over your feet.
The result of these types of accidents
is often broken or crushed bones.
Potential Hazards
Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture
If not protected, your feet can suffer from
frostbite if you must work in an extremely
cold environment. Extreme heat, on the
other hand, can blister and burn your feet.
Finally, extreme moisture in your shoes or
boots can lead to fungal infections.
Potential Hazards
Slipping
Oil, water, soaps, wax, and other
chemicals can cause you to slip and fall.
1.
Which of the following should you NOT do when using safety
footwear?
1)
Select and use the right kind of footwear for the job you are
going to be performing.
2)
Select footwear that fits.
3)
Wear leather or cloth footwear if you work around acids or
4)
Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area.
caustics.
2.
3.
You should always inspect your respirator before using it.
1)
True
2)
False
Which of the following is NOT a potential head hazard?
1)
Impacts
2)
Electrical shocks
3)
Splashes, spills, and drips
4)
Airborne contaminants
4.
You should wear hearing protection devices whenever you are exposed
to noise that is 85 decibels or greater for an 8-hour period of time.
5.
1)
True
2)
False
The two types of hearing loss are:
1)
Physical and Mental
2)
Loud and Soft
3)
Conductive and Sensory
4)
Rapid and Gradual
6.
7.
The most common route of exposure for most health hazards is:
1)
Ingestion
2)
Skin absorption
3)
Inhalation
You can always substitute barrier creams for wearing gloves.
1)
True
2)
False
8.
9.
Which of the following is NOT a potential hazard to your feet?
1)
Impact injuries
2)
Compound injuries
3)
Injuries from splashes and spills
4)
Injuries from electrical shocks
Which of the following is NOT a potential hazard for your hands?
1)
Traumatic injuries
2)
Contact injuries
3)
Indirect injuries
10.
To clean your eye protection equipment when it becomes oily and
dirty, you can use an abrasive soap.
11.
1)
True
2)
False
Eye injuries are often permanent.
1)
True
2)
False
12.
13.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wearing earmuffs?
1)
Easy for your employer to supervise the wearing of this device
2)
One size fits all
3)
Small & lightweight
4)
Fits better for longer periods of time
Which of the following is NOT a potential hazard to your eyes?
1)
Toxic gases, vapors, and liquids
2)
Dusts, powders, fumes, and mists
3)
Molten metals
4)
Light from a reading lamp
14.
There are a lot of valid reasons (excuses) for not wearing a hard hat.
1)
True
2)
False
15.
Once you have fit tested your respirator, you need NOT monitor it
while you work.
1)
True
2)
False
16.
volts.
17.
Class C hard hats will protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000
1)
True
2)
False
Which of the following is NOT a major category of respirators?
1)
Air Purifying
2)
Supplied Air
3)
Residual Air
16.
volts.
17.
Class C hard hats will protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000
1)
True
2)
False
Which of the following is NOT a major category of respirators?
1)
Air Purifying
2)
Supplied Air
3)
Residual Air
18.
If you work in a wet, slippery area, you should wear PVC or rubber
footwear.
19.
1)
True
2)
False
You should always fit test your respirator before using it.
1)
True
2)
False
20.
Which of the following need NOT be determined when selecting a
respirator?
21.
1)
The level of hazard that is posed by the environment
2)
The amount of time you will be exposed to the contaminant
3)
Your sensitivity to the contaminant
4)
Your level of hearing
When using an eyewash station, you should:
1)
Close your eyes and wash your face first.
2)
Rub your eyes.
3)
Hold both eyes open with your fingers and look into the stream
of water.
4)
Drink plenty of water.
22.
The "Personal Protection Equipment" standard requires that
employers must establish and administer an effective PPE program for
employees and that employees be trained in the proper use of PPE.
23.
1)
True
2)
False
Which of the following is NOT a potential hazard?
1)
Dusts
2)
Mists & Sprays
3)
Vapors
4)
Silt
24.
25.
Regular glasses provide the same protection as safety glasses.
1)
True
2)
False
Which of the following is your employer NOT responsible for?
1)
Conducting a workplace assessment
2)
Providing you with the proper PPE
3)
Providing PPE cost information
4)
Maintaining PPE in good condition
26.
Which of the following should you NOT do when using gloves?
1)
Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going
to be performing.
2)
3)
your gloves.
4)
Select gloves that fit.
Remove any rings, watches, or bracelets that might cut or tear
Store gloves inside out.
27.
You should always use metal mesh gloves when working around
electrical sources.
1)
True
2)
False
28.
You should always clean and inspect your respirator after you use it.
1)
True
2)
False
29.
Which of the following is NOT one of your responsibilities as an
employee?
1)
Maintaining records of the workplace assessment and of your
2)
Learning to use your PPE
3)
Following all warnings and precautions
training
4)
safety manager
Reporting any and all unsafe conditions to your supervisor or