Transcript Ch.12 * World War I

Ch.12 – World War I
U.S. Involvement
U.S. Involvement
 Zimmerman
Note
– German foreign secretary to German
ambassador in Mexico
– Promises New Mexico, Texas and Arizona
– March 1, 1917 – Wilson makes note public
– Anti-German sentiment strong in America
 The
Russian Revolution
– Russians overthrew the czar (autocrat)
 Sinking
of U.S. Ships – City of Memphis,
Illinois, and Vigilancia
U.S. Goes to War
Wilson torn between keeping peace or war
 Revolution in Russia makes them suitable
ally
 April 6, 1917 – Congress votes to go to war
 1918 – more than a million U.S. troops in
Europe
 Turning Point of the War

– With the help of Gen. Pershing and his troops
the Germans are stopped 50 miles from Paris

1 month – more ammo used than in 4 years
of Civil War
 Selective
U.S. Goes to War
Service Act
–May 1917: ages 21-30, later 18-45
–24 million volunteer for draft, 3 million
drafted
–Join the American Expeditionary
Forces
 Training
for War
–Learned how to use a bayonet, a rifle,
dig a trench, put on a gas mask, and
throw a grenade
–Needed several months for training
but, never had the time
U.S. Goes to War
 The Convoy System
– Needed a way to transport all merchant and troop
ships
– Consisted of a group of unarmed ships surrounded
by a ring of destroyers, torpedo boats, and other
armed naval vessels (equipped w/hydrophones to
track subs)
– Very successful – U-boats didn’t sink a single
troopship traveling to Europe
 Black Soldiers – only 10% saw action
– Most were used for menial labor
– 369th Infantry – “Harlem Hell Fighters,” integrated
w/French troops, entire 369th Infantry received the
Croix de Guerre
 Organizing
Industry
The Home Front
– War Industries Board: regulated supply of
raw material to manufacturers
– 89 million pairs of socks, 19 million
blankets, 95 ships in one day
– Labor unions refused to strike
– Women taking over necessary jobs
 Financing
the War
– Liberty Bonds raised $20 billion – only
covered ¼ of costs
– Boy Scouts & Girl Scouts sold them on
street corners
WWI Propaganda
Posters
Liberty Bonds &
War Savings
Stamps
The Home Front
 Conservation
–Price Controls: a system of pricing
determined by the government
–Rationing: Heatless, meatless,
wheatless, & victory gardens
–Daylight Savings Time: increased the
# of daylight hours for workers and
reduced the need for artificial light
(fuel conservation)
WWI
Propaganda
Poster
displays
price
controls
WWI Propaganda Posters
Victory Gardens & Canning Food
The Home Front
 Enforcing
Loyalty
– Trading with Enemy Act – censored
publications
– Sedition Act – no speech disloyal to gov’t.,
flag, constitution, or armed forces
– Espionage Act – punished guilty for
helping the enemy, hindering recruitment
or inciting revolt
 Anti-German
Sentiment
– Hamburger = Salisbury Steak
– German Shepard = Police Dog
– German Measles = Liberty Measles
Impact on U.S.
soldiers
 Wartime production = richest country in
the world
 Return to isolationism
 Killed progressivism, big business back
in
 Higher wages, higher inflation
 Blacks still suffering from inequality
 Women making gains and loses
 116,000
– Voting rights
– Forced to leave jobs when men returned
home (b/c of job shortage)
End of War
 November
7, 1918
– Germans ask for
armistice
 November
11
 Peace
Agreement
 Wilson’s 14 Points
– Creates the League
of Nations
– Armistice signed
 Treaty of Versailles
– 11th hour, 11th day,
– Redrawing of map
11th month
– Germany accepts
 8 million soldiers died
full responsibility,
stripped of colonies,
 Ottoman Empire
pay reparations,
killed thousands of
reduced armed
Armenians (genocide) forces
Ch.12 Review
Sussex Pledge
 Versailles Treaty –
what did Germany
have to do?
 Allies
 Fourteen Points
 Sedition
 League of Nations
 Central Powers
 Alliances – reason why
Europe was drawn into
the war

Armistice
 Self-determination
 Liberty Bonds
 Zimmerman Note
 U-boat – hidden &
fired w/o warning
 Genocide
 Reparations
 Imperialism
 Selective Service
Act

Ch.12 Review
Which event sparked World War I?
 Describe the first few years of the war.
 What was the purpose of the convoy system?
 African Americans role in the war.
 Types of rationing
 Events that pushed the U.S. into war
 High casualties
 War Industries Board fixed prices on certain
products (price controls)
 Main economic problem after the war – job
shortages
 Turning Point – Pershing’s troops blocked
Germans from Paris invasion
