Transcript From Neutrality to War 24-2

Preparing to Fight
On the battlefield?
On the home front?
What do you need to get ready for war?
Preparing to Fight
• Homefront
– The American Nation: 689 Propaganda, 693-696
– US History 2: 112-114 and 116
• Battlefield
– The American Nation: 688-689 trench, 698-702
– US History 2: 114-115
Preparing to Fight
Read through your text and pull out 8 details for each side.
Completed by the end of class for points.
The Battlefield
The Homefront
• Propaganda – spreading of ideas
that help or hurt a cause
• Selective Service / draft –
required 21-30 year old men to
join the military
• Educating the troops
• Food Administration
• War Industries Board
• Liberty Bonds
• Women Workers
• Anti-German Feelings
• Great Migration
• Espionage & Sedition Act
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E & W Front
Trenches
AEF
Harlem Hell Fighters
Belleau Wood
Argonne Forest
Armistice
Flu
New Weapons
Homefront
The Civilian side of a nation at war
Propaganda- the spreading of ideas that help or hurt a cause.
Raising an Army
• On May 18, 1917 Congress passed the Selective
Service Act.
– Required men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military
draft
• Draft- a law that requires people to serve in the
military
Educating the Troops
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The Army became a great educator
25% illiterate – unable to read or write
Fueled a drive to reform public education
Raised teacher training standards
Increased school enrollment by 75%
Food Administration
• Job was to increase food
production
• Feed civilians, American
troops, and send food to
allies.
• “Victory gardens”
• “wheatless Mondays” /
“meatless” Tuesdays
Managing Industry
• In the beginning war supplies
were short
• Military competed with
industry for materials
• War Industries Board – told
factories what they had to
produce and set prices
– From cars to tanks
• War Labor Board – set working
hours, wages, prevented
strikes.
Liberty Bonds
• Liberty Bonds- Americans would buy the bonds
and temporarily lend $ to the govt.
• Raised $21 billion –
• what paid for the war
• 75,000 speakers rallied support
Women Workers
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As men joined military – women took there jobs
Earned less than the men they replaced
Helped change the view of “women’s work”
Thousands lost jobs when the men returned.
Anti-German Feelings
• Suspicion / loyalty
questioned.
• Mobs attacked them
• Families changed their
names
• Schools stopped
teaching German
• German sounding
foods changed
Great Migration
• Migration within the nation increased
• Draft took workers to war newcomers came to the
city to work in the factories
• ½ million African Americans & thousands of Mexican
Americans moved from South to Northern cities.
• Migration continued after the war ended.
• Competition led to race riots
People Against the War
• Pacifists- people who refuse to fight because they feel it is
evil.
• Socialists- felt people as a whole should own property and
share profits from businesses.
– Felt that war only benefitted big business and factories.
In Response
Congress passed laws making it a crime to
criticize the government - Espionage & Sedition
Acts
1,600+ arrested
Freedom of speech violated? – most felt laws
were necessary in wartime.