Transcript Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

WWI ( Europe – the End)
The Schlieffen Plan
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Invade western front 1st
After defeating France concentrate on the Eastern
front ( Russia)
Avoid fighting a 2 front war
Convoys
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Used to safely get supplies to the war front
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Armed ships surrounded vessels carrying
supplies to the allies
Propaganda
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Spreading ideas to promote a cause or to damage
an opponents cause
Can be spread via books, posters, pamphlets,
songs, movies, newspaper articles or radio
addresses
During WWI, Propaganda was used to recruit
troops, make enemies seem like villains, and
create support for the war
Was used by many countries involved in WWI
Enforced Loyalty
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A hatred of all things German was
promoted
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Ex. – Liberty Cabbage, Liberty Sandwiches
The Trenches
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Trenches dug
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6,250 miles
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6 to 8 feet deep
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Immobilized both sides for 4 years
Battle of Verdun
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Longest battle of the war
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February 21st – December 18th, 1916
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German surprise attack on French
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Estimated one million casualties
Battle of the Somme
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Estimated one million casualties
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British attack on Germany
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July 1st—November 13th, 1916
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No major breakthrough
for the allies
The Eastern Front
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Russian army moved into Eastern Germany on August 30,
1914
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Defeated
The Austrians kicked out of Serbia
Italians attacked Austria in 1915
Germany came to Austrian aid and pushed Russians back
300 miles into own territory
The Eastern Front
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Much more mobile more than the West
STOP
Why did it take so long for America to
get involved in the war?
America’s
policy of isolationism - neutrality
What did it take to get the US
involved?
1.
Blockades
•In May, 1915
Germany told
Americans to stay
off of British ships
•They could/would
sink them
What did it take to get the US
involved?
•Lusitania
torpedoed, sinking
with 1200
passengers and
crew (including
128 Americans)
•It was carrying
4200 cases of
ammunition
German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking
What did it take to get the US
involved?
1.
Blockades
•Germany agreed not to
sink passenger ships
without warning in the
future – Sussex Pledge
Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster
What did it take to get the US
involved?
Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare
•1917 Germany
“unrestricted
submarine warfare”
in the war zone
Why? Their
blockade would not
be successful
without it
Zimmermann Note
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Offer by Germany to Mexico to declare war
against U.S.
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Telegram intercepted by British Intelligence
January 19th, 1917
Zimmermann
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Mexico would receive New Mexico,
Texas, and Arizona
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Caused extreme anti-German feeling in
U.S.
How was the war looking for the
allies?
Not
Good...
•Russia left the war after its Communist Revolution in
1917
•Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops
could concentrate on France
What caused a U.S. war
declaration
1. Zimmerman Note
and
2. The sinking of 3 unarmed
American ships led to the U.S.
declaring war against the Central
Powers
THE U.S. DECLARES WAR!!!
The Govt. Needed to Get the
American People to Support the War
How? With the 2 Goals For War: 1. To make
the world safe for democracy and 2. It would
be a war to end all wars
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Selective Service Act
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Required all men between the ages of 21
and 30 to sign up for military service
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Nearly three million were drafted
New Legislation
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Sedition Act 1918 : Americans couldn’t
make comments considered disloyal or
profane about the Govt. or military during
the war
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Espionage Act 1917: made it a crime to
help enemies of the U.S,
The Home Front
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Women took war factory jobs
Received lower wages than males
Food shortages made running a household difficult –
they had to ration food and supplies (distribute in fixed
quantities)
Liberty Bonds
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The government sold Liberty Bonds to the
public and used the money for the war.
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Loans from people to the government.
New Technology
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Trench Warfare
Airplanes
Grenade Launcher
Machine Gun
Barbed Wire
Poisonous Gas
Subs
Tanks
Chemical Warfare
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Mustard gas
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Carried by the wind
Burned out soldier’s
lungs
Deadly in the trenches
where it would
sit at the bottom
STOP
Armistice Day
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Occurred November 11, 1918
11th hour on the 11th day of the
11th month
Germany signed ceasefire that
ended war
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
•Fourteen provisions:
freedom of the seas &
a League of Nations
to work for peace
•Purpose was to
create a lasting peace
President Woodrow Wilson
How did the War Affect the US?
Women
•Women filled factory jobs, served as nurses, clerks
etc. during the war…some stayed in the workforce
after the war
•May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women
the right to vote)
African Americans
•Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units
•“Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans
moved North to work in factories
War Results
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Daylight savings time continues
Business boom during the war/ slow down
after
Women and minorities faced losing their
jobs
Casualties
Treaty of Versailles
Paris Peace Conference - 1919
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29 countries attended
Held in Paris, France
Purpose was for the victors of WWI to figure out
what to do with the losers
Result - Treaty of Versailles
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November 11, 1918 – Armistice Day
1919 Peace Treaty
Big Four
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Britain
France
Italy
United States
Provisions of The Treaty of Versailles
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Re-drew the map of Europe
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Austria- Hungary became two separate countries
Germany, Russia and the Ottoman Empire lost land
Britain took control of Palestine, Jordan and Iraq
France took control of Syria and Lebanon
Germany had to (war guilt clause) :
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accept responsibility for the war and pay war reparations
of 33 billion dollars to the allies
Demilitarize – reduce army to 100k men
Return Alsace Lorraine to France