Transcript WWI Part IIx

WWI
Part II
- Chapter 23 Section 2: America’s Road to War
p. 706
New Hampshire primary:
Winner: Mitt Romney 39% (96,773 votes)
2nd: Ron Paul 23% (56,223 votes)
3rd Jon Huntsman 17% (41,509 votes)
Neutrality: Not choosing sides. To stay out of
something.
President Wilson won the election partially because of
his promise to keep us out of “The Great War”
Americans started choosing sides.
Gas alarm on Western Front 
33 million Americas were 1st or 2nd generation
immigrants.
People from Germany supported Germany…and so on.
Irish supported Germany (because they hate the British)
Language, customs and traditions
linked many Americans to England.
Propaganda: information used to influence
Can be in the form of pictures, commercials, or writing.
Example:
- Cigarette advertisements
- McDonald’s commercials (skinny people eating fast
food)
- Movies that share a political message
- Flu shots are needed or else!
- Send heroes to give a message
- Cartoons showing person as bad guy
Common propaganda sells lies about:
Happiness and Patriotism
And are meant to make you feel a certain way:
“Being antiwar means you hate soldiers, U.S. and
freedom.”
“You work hard, you deserve ______________.”
“Buy _________and life will be better.”
“Countries don’t like the U.S. because of their freedom.”
Propaganda is scary because it makes fake, real.
Entire countries believe lies.
Lies become common knowledge.
Propaganda is meant to turn off your brain and just
believe.
How do you fight propaganda?
 Read.
 Talk.
 Think.
In that order.
U.S. planned on trading both sides.
Trade helped Allies.
British blockade stopped most trade with Germany.
“If the American shipper grumbles our reply is that this
war is not being conduced for his pleasure or profit.”
- London Newspaper
U.S. has an economic boom.
Germans see the U.S. helping the Allies.
Germany told all countries that any ships near the port of
Britain will be sunk.
Wilson threatens that lost lives will be on Germany.
May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk killing over 1,000 people.
French ship, Sussex sunk. Germany says sorry and offers
money to families of lost.
U.S. starts building a larger army and navy.
Germany said it will sink all ships.
They thought they’d be able to conquer the Allies before
the U.S. was able to join the war.
Telegram was intercepted. It asked Mexico to attack the
U.S. if it joined the war.
March 1917, 4 more ships sunk. 36 die.
President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war.
After much debate the declaration was approved.
Congress set up the Selective Service Act which said
every man 21-30 years old were eligible to be drafted
into the army.
3 million men will join the military.
2 million volunteers.
Bell Ringer
Directions:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
What conditions might justify U.S.
entry into another country’s
war?
Write your response and be ready to share
your answer.
- Chapter 23 Section 3: Americans Join the Allies
p. 709
Bell Ringer
Directions:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
How can a country help an ally
fight a war?
Write your response and be ready to share
your answer.
 Troops exhausted
 Spirit of some soldiers (French) broken
 Supplies low, people starving
 German U-boats sinking ¼ of all ships
 Convoys: Navy destroyers escorted merchant ships across
the Atlantic (1/3 of the supplies lost, not 1 soldier)
 Fresh troops and supplies
 Russia is having a food and fuel shortage
 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Treaty with Germany, Russia
pulls out of WWI
 Germany now only has the Western Front to focus its
attention on
 1918 offensive that pushes the W. Front within 40 miles
of Paris
p. 720
General John J. Pershing: Supreme commander of AEF
American Expeditionary Force: U.S. Army in WWI
Pershing kept the American troops separate from the
other armies
Doughboy is a nickname for a U.S. soldier (because of
brass buttons that looked like boiled dough dumplings)
The American army, fighting 24 hrs for 3 weeks, stop the
Germans.
 Germans have been fortifying the area since 1915
 “rugged, heavily forested, rain, mud, barbed wire,
machine guns” for 30 miles
 115,000 Americans will lose their lives
 Allies are victorious
Result= Now the Allies will be invading Germany
 Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary on the edge of
defeat= Revolution
 Territories start to break away from Austria-Hungary:
Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
 People of Central Power countries overthrow their
governments and surrender to Allies
Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting
Lack of food and supplies and renewed Allied determination
results in a bad situation for the Germans
On Oct 4, 1918 the German gov. asks for peace.
Conditions:
1)Accept plan for peace and agreement not to fight again
2) Troops must leave Belgium and France
3) Negotiate with civilian leaders in peace, not military
(Power to people: Revolution)
11 a.m., November 11th, 1918 The Great War ends.
- Chapter 23 Section 4: The War at Home
p. 712
Mobilization: gathering of resources and the
preparation for war
Because of the need during WWI, workers gain rights:
1) 8 hr work day
2) Overtime pay
3) Equal pay for women*
4) Right to form Unions
In return, workers promised not to go on strike
How do you pay for war?
1) War (Defense) Bonds
10 cents to $10,000:
U.S. borrowing money from us.
2) Raise Taxes
What happens when millions of U.S. men go to war?
1) Women get jobs (that were usually for men)
2) Black Americans move North (Great Migration)
U.S. was producing food for U.S. military and the Allies
How do you make sure there is enough food?
1) Farmers make more food
2) Americans eat less
Rationing: Limiting use
Consuming: Used
War Industries Board: Factories were changed to make
war supplies.
Committee of Public Information: Promote the war
as “a battle for democracy and freedom”
How did the committee convince the U.S. this war
was good?
Propaganda used:
1) Posters, pamphlets, articles,
books, and newspapers
2) Speakers, writers, artists
and actors were paid to
support the war.
Government had little patience for antiwar feelings.
What were 2 groups that were against WWI?
Socialists: People who believed industries should be
publically owned
Pacifists: People who are opposed to the use of violence
Espionage Act: stiff penalties for spying.
Sabotage and Sedition Act: Made it a crime to say,
print or write anything negative about the government.
No measure is ‘too drastic’ during wartime
Vs
Even in war time, the rights of citizens must be
protected
Patriot Act:
- Sneak and Peak, without home owners knowing
- Banks can collect information for law enforcement
- Electronic, face to face and telephone interaction
Defense Bill:
- Government is able to capture and detain enemies for
unlimited amount of time without trial
- Americans too
Bell Ringer
Directions:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
What challenges do you think
countries face when discussing
a peace plan?
Write your response and be ready to share
your answer.
What is the setting for the peace talks after WWI?
- 27 nations gather at peace
conference in Paris
- Europe was in ruins.
- 9 million soldiers dead (total)
- Millions of civilians dead
- New countries trying to
establish themselves
- Civil war in Russia
Plan for peace
Wilson’s Idea:
Don’t punish Germany
League of Nations
End of secret treaties
Free Trade/Freedom of seas
Limits on arms
Europe wanted to punish Germany:
Make them pay billions of dollars ($31 billion or 422)
Accept full responsibility
Disarm their army
Bell Ringer
Directions:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
How does the attitude of a
nation’s people help their
soldiers fight a war?
Write your response and be ready to share
your answer.
- Chapter 23 Section 5: Searching for Peace
p. 714
 You may use your notes and worksheets
At the end of the quiz:
 Staple your quiz to your papers in this order
On top) Quiz
2) Section 1
3) Section 1b
4) Section 2
5) Section 3
6) Section 4/5
7) Map
When you are done, have a book or something productive