Transcript Unit 3 Vocabulary Words #2

Unit 3 Vocabulary Words #2
AP World History
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Catholic Reformation
Commercial revolution
Deism
Empirical research
Harquebus
Encyclopédie
Heliocentric theory
Indulgence
Laissez-faire economics
Capitalism
Columbian Exchange
Natural laws
Ninety-five theses
Northern Renaissance
Philosophes
Predestination
Scientific Revolution
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Protestant Reformation
Gutenberg Bible
Galleon
Council of Trent
Northwest passage
Cassava
Wealth of Nations
Thirty Years War
Huguenots
Romanov Dynasty
Hapsburg Monarchy
Akbar
Sikhism
Francis Xavier
Hacienda
Din-i-ilahi
Laissez-faire economics

An economic
concept that holds
that the
government should
not interfere with or
regulate business
and industries
Hacienda

A large estate with a
dwelling-house,
originally given by
monarchs in Latin
America as a reward
for services done.
Such estates are
known as estancias in
Argentina and
fazendas in Brazil.
Huguenots

Any of the Protestants
(French Calvinists) in
France in the 16th and
17th centuries, many
of whom suffered
severe persecution for
their faith. The Edict of
Nantes (1598) granted
them tolerance in
France and ended the
French civil wars of
religion.
Northern Renaissance

An extension of the
Italian Renaissance
to the nations of
northern Europe;
the Northern
Renaissance took
on a more religious
nature than the
Italian Renaissance
Deism

The concept of
God common to
the scientific
revolution; the deity
was believed to
have set the world
in motion and then
allowed it to
operate by natural
laws
Galleon

Large heavily
armed ships used
to carry silver from
the New World
colonies to Spain;
basis for convoy
system utilized by
Spain for
transportation of
bullion
Cassava

The cassava or
manioc is a woody
shrub that is
extensively cultivated
as an annual crop in
tropical and
subtropical regions for
its edible starchy
tuberous root, a major
source of
carbohydrate.
Council of Trent

Meeting of Roman
Catholic leaders,
called by Pope
Paul III to rule on
doctrines criticized
by the Protestant
Reformers.
Philosophes

French
Enlightenment
social philosophers
Capitalism

An economic
system based on
private ownership
and opportunity for
profit-making
Empirical Research

Research based on
the collection of
data
Catholic Reformation

(or Counter
Reformation)The
religious reform
movement within the
Catholic Church that
occurred in response
to the Protestant
Reformation. It
reaffirmed Catholic
beliefs and promoted
education
Commercial Revolution

The expansion of
trade and
commerce in
Europe in the
sixteenth and
seventeenth
centuries
Harquebus

A heavy portable
matchlock gun
invented during the
15th century. It was
a forerunner of the
rifle and other longarm firearms.
Encyclopédie

Was an encyclopedia
published in France
between 1751 and 1766
by some of the most
prominent philosophers.
It originally consisted of
28 volumes and
covered everything then
known about the
sciences, technology, &
history. It criticized the
Church and government
and praised religious
tolerance
Heliocentric Theory

The concept that
the sun is the
center of the
universe
Indulgence

A document whose
purchase was said
to grant the bearer
the forgiveness of
sins
Columbian Exchange

The exchange of
food crops,
livestock, and
disease (& people)
between the
Eastern and
Western
hemispheres after
the voyages of
Columbus
Natural Laws

Principles that
govern nature
Ninety-five theses

The Disputation of Martin
Luther on the Power and
Efficacy of Indulgences,
known as the 95 Theses,
(from 31 October 1517)
challenged the teachings of
the Church on the nature of
penance, the authority of
the pope and the
usefulness of indulgences.
They sparked a theological
debate that would result in
the Reformation and the
birth of the Lutheran,
Reformed, and Anabaptist
traditions within Christianity
Predestination

The belief of
Protestant reformer
John Calvin that
God had chosen
some people for
heaven and others
for hell
Scientific Revolution

A European
intellectual
movement in the
sixteenth century
that established the
basis for modern
science
Protestant Reformation

A religious movement
begun by Martin
Luther in 1517 that
attempted to reform
the beliefs and
practices of the
Catholic Church; it
resulted in the
formation of new
Christian
denominations
Gutenberg Bible

A printed version of
the Latin Vulgate
translation of the
Bible that was printed
by Johannes
Gutenberg, in Mainz,
Germany in the
fifteenth century.
Northwest Passage

A passage through
the North American
continent that was
sought by early
explorers to North
America as a route
to trade with the
east.
Wealth of Nations

Published on March 9,
1776, by Adam Smith;
clearly written account
of political economy at
the dawn of the
Industrial Revolution,
and is widely
considered to be the
first modern work in
the field of economics.
The work is also the
first comprehensive
defense of free market
policies.
Thirty Years War

War from 1618 to 1648
between German
Protestants and their allies
against the Holy Roman
emperor and Spain; caused
great destruction. It reduced
the German population by
almost 60% and German
prosperity and power for a
full century. The treaty that
ended the war granted
political independence to the
Protestant Netherlands. The
war established the principle
of territorial toleration.
Romanov Dynasty

Imperial dynasty of
Russia that ruled
from 1613 to 1917.
Akbar

(1542–1605) Emperor
of India (1556–1605)
generally regarded as
the greatest ruler of
the Moghul Empire.
Son and successor of
Humayan; built up the
military and
administrative
structure of the
dynasty; followed
policies of cooperation
and toleration with the
Hindu majority
Hapsburg Monarchy

(also Habsburg)
Austrian royal
dynasty, a leading
ruling house in
Europe from the
13th to 19th
century.
Sikhism

Monotheistic religion
founded in the Punjab
in the 15th century by
Guru NANAK. It
combines elements of
Hinduism and Islam,
accepting the Hindu
concepts of karma and
reincarnation but
rejecting the caste
system, and has one
sacred scripture, the
Adi Granth.
Francis Xavier

Early Jesuit missionary
often called the
Apostle to the Indies.
He was an associate
of St Ignatius of
Loyola, with whom he
took the vow founding
the Society of Jesus
(Jesuits). From 1541
he traveled through
India, Japan, and the
East Indies, making
many converts.
Din-i-Ilahi

Religion initiated by
Akbar in Mughal
India; blended
elements of the
many faiths of the
subcontinent; key
to efforts to
reconcile Hindu
and Muslims in
India, but failed