Transcript Unit 4: Political Rev (French)

Who’s Who?
Name that person, given the
description. Also, list the unit for
which they are associated.
SOL Saturday Academy Review
Leonardo daVinci
I am considered a true
“Renaissance Man.” I
was a painter and an
inventor and was
fascinated with the
human body. I am most
famous for painting the
Mona Lisa.
Unit 3: Renaissance
James Watt
• I helped encourage
industrialization in
England when I
created the steam
engine, a new power
source used in mining,
factories, and
transportation.
Unit 5: Industrial Revolution
Mohammad
•I am considered the
final prophet in the
Muslim faith. My
teachings about the
will of Allah make up
Islam’s holy text, the
Qu’ran (Koran).
No Picture
Unit I: World Religions
St. Ignatius Loyola
• During the Counter
(Catholic)
Reformation, I
founded a new order of
Catholicism, called the
Jesuits. Our goal was to
spread Catholic beliefs
around the world
through education.
Unit 3: Counter Reformation
Francisco Pizarro
• I was a Spanish
conquistador, who
defeated the Incas
through a combination
of warfare, disease, and
treachery.
Unit 2 : Exploration &
Colonization
Johannes Gutenberg
• I improved the use of
movable type in
Europe, and my
printing press
revolutionized the way
Europeans
communicated.
Unit 3: Renaissance &
Reformation
Isaac Newton
• Among my many
accomplishments was
the discovery of the
laws of gravity and
motion. Some people
claim that I first
thought about gravity
after an apple fell on
my head.
Unit 4: Scientific Revolution
Jacques Cartier
• I was a French explorer
who claimed much of
Eastern Canada for
France. I was originally
looking for a
Northwest Passage to
Asia, but instead
helped set up trading
posts in the New
World.
Unit 2: Exploration
Karl Marx
• I wrote the Communist
Manifesto, my explanation for
how the lower classes in
society (the proletariat) will
eventually rise up and
overthrow the people who
control industry (the
bourgeoisie). My new theory
was a response to the negative
effects of capitalism. I
envisioned a society where
everyone worked together and
neither private property nor a
government was necessary.
Unit 5: Industrial Rev &
Economic Theories
William Harvey
• I discovered that the
heart acts like a pump
and circulates blood
throughout the human
body. This was a
radical idea at the time,
because many people
thought that blood was
created from the food
we ate.
Unit 4: Scientific Rev
Henry VIII
• I was the King of England
at the start of the
Protestant Reformation.
At first I supported the
Pope, but when he would
not grant me an
annulment, I broke away
and formed my own new
Anglican Church—with
me as its leader, of course!
Unit 3: Protestant Reformation
Peter the Great
• I was an absolute
monarch who ruled
Russia. One of my
goals was to westernize
and modernize the
country, so I made all
Russian men cut off
their beards and wear
European clothes.
Unit 3: Absolutism
Charles I
• Members of the
English Parliament
voted to execute me
after I lost the English
Civil War. This
shocked monarchs
throughout Europe.
Unit 4: Political Revolutions
William & Mary
• We came to the throne
in England after the
Glorious Revolution in
1689. But since the
English valued their
rights so much, we
were forced to sign the
English Bill of Rights
before we could take
power.
Unit 4: Political Revolutions
John Locke
• I disagree completely with
the man who wrote
Leviathan. I believe that all
men are born with natural
rights and the ability to
rule themselves. I also
believe that if a
government is not
protecting the rights of
the people, then the
people may form a new
government. My ideas
became the basis for
democracy.
Unit 4: Enlightenment
Thomas Hobbes
• In my book Leviathan, I
support my belief that
all humans are
inherently wicked and
evil and that they need
the control and order
of an absolute monarch
to survive.
Unit 4: Enlightenment
Ferdinand Magellan
• I was a Spanish
explorer who set out to
sail all the way around
the world. Although I
died in the Philippines,
one of my ships did
become the first
European ship to
circumnavigate the
globe.
Unit 2: Exploration
Maximilien Robespierre
• Although I supported
equality and freedom
during the French
Revolution, when I
took power I led
France through a Reign
of Terror. During this
time, over 40,000
French citizens were
guillotined for acting
against the revolution.
Unit 4: Political Rev (French)
Louis XIV
• I was an absolute
monarch in France
who built the palace of
Versailles and forced
many of the nobles in
the country to come
and live there. Don’t
get me confused with
my relative who lost his
head during the
Revolution.
Unit 3: Absolutism
Louis XVI
• I was an absolute monarch
in France who called the
Estates General together
to address the huge
financial crisis.
Unfortunately I didn’t
listen to the 3rd estate and
caused the beginning of
the French Revolution. I
was eventually guillotined
for treason, and so was my
wife.
Unit 4: Political Rev (French)
Toussaint L’ouverture
• Using ideas of the
Enlightenment, I led a
successful revolution
against France in Haiti.
Unit 4: Political Rev
Napoleon Bonaparte
• I am known as the “Little
General.” I took power in
France in 1799 and
crowned myself emperor
in 1802. The French loved
me, but the rest of Europe
didn’t like how I defeated
them. I escaped from exile
once, but was finally
defeated at the Battle of
Waterloo and exiled to St.
Helena.
Unit 4: Political Rev (French)
Mazzini - Garibaldi - Cavour
• We are the heart, the
sword, and the brains
of Italian unification.
Through all our efforts,
the country was unified
in 1871.
Unit 4: Political Rev
(Unification)
John Calvin
• My belief in
predestination, the
authority of the Bible,
and a strict work ethic
led me to break away
from the Catholic
Church during the
Protestant
Reformation. I set up
my own new church in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Unit 3: Protestant Reformation
Otto von Bismark
• Although I was not the
king of Prussia, I was
responsible for using
war and diplomacy to
unite all the German
states into one unified
Germany. My motto is
that you need “blood
and iron” to
accomplish what you
want.
Unit 4: Political Rev
(Unification)
Eli Whitney
• I am famous for
inventing the cotton
gin, which made
separating cotton from
the seed much easier.
This process
encouraged
industrialization and
slavery in the United
States.
Unit 5: Industrial Revolution
Adam Smith
• I wrote the book on
capitalism: The Wealth
of Nations. I believed
that government
should leave business
alone (laissez-faire) and
that the market should
control prices and
production.
Unit 5: Industrial Rev &
Economic Theories
Baron de Montesquieu
• My book, On the Spirit of
Laws, included advice
about what an effective
democratic government
would look like. I am
most famous for
advocating a “separation
of powers,” an idea that
was used by the founders
of the United States.
Unit 4: Enlightenment
Galileo
• During the scientific
revolution, I used a
telescope to make
observations that
proved that the
universe was
heliocentric (suncentered) instead of
geocentric
Unit 4: Scientific Rev
Henry Bessemer
• I created a process for
turning iron into steel
that was much faster
and cheaper than it
had been in the past.
Unit 5: Industrial Revolution
Thomas Jefferson
• I borrowed many ideas
from the
Enlightenment in
Europe to help found
the United States of
America. You can see
the influence of John
Locke in my most
famous document, the
Declaration of
Independence.
Unit 4: Enlightenment
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Although I was not an
explorer myself, I
founded a navigation
school in Portugal that
trained many explorers
and helped Portugal
take the lead in
overseas exploration in
the 1400s.
Unit 2: Exploration
Vasco da Gama
• I was a Portuguese
explorer who was the
first European to sail
around the tip of
Africa and find an
ocean route from
Europe to Asia.
Unit 2: Exploration
William Shakespeare
• I was an English
Renaissance writer,
who wrote such plays as
Romeo and Juliet,
Hamlet, and Macbeth.
Unit 3: Renaissance
Martin Luther
• I started the Protestant
Reformation when I
posted 95 thesis
statements (arguments) on
a cathedral door in
Wittenburg, Germany in
1517. Although I didn’t
initially want to break
away from the Catholic
Church, I ended up
forming the new Lutheran
Church after the Pope
excommunicated me
(kicked me out of the
church).
Unit 3: Protestant Reformation
Adolf Hitler
• I came to power in
Germany after World
War I. I was the leader
of the Nazi party and
responsible for starting
World War II and the
Holocaust.
Unit 6: Dictators/WWII
Nelson Mandela
• I spent 27 years in jail
trying to end apartheid
in South Africa.
Eventually, I succeed
and became South
Africa’s first black
president.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- AFRICA
Franz Ferdinand
• As a result of my
assassination, Europe
entered into World
War I. I was killed
while with my wife in
Serbia.
Unit 6: World war I
Gavrilo Princip
• I was a Serbian
nationalist who
assassinated the
Archduke of Austria
while he was visiting
Serbia. My action
helped lead Europe
into World War I.
Unit 6: World War I
Vladimir Lenin
• I led the Bolsheviks in
the Russian Revolution
in 1917. When my side
won, I took power and
established the
communist party as the
ruling party of the new
Soviet Union.
Unit 6: Russian Revolution
Simon Bolivar
• I used ideas of the
Enlightenment to lead
several countries in South
America to independence.
My goal was a united
South America that could
compete with Europe.
People in South America
admire me so much that I
have a country named
after me.
Unit 4: Political Rev
Nicholas II
• I was the last Tsar of
Russia before the 1917
revolution. Many
people blame by
ineffective leadership
for Russia’s massive
casualties in WWI.
Russian citizens also
didn’t like the close
relationship my wife
had with Rasputin.
Unit 6: Russian Revolution
Harry Truman
• I become president of
the United States after
the death of Franklin
Roosevelt. It was my
decision to drop two
atomic bombs on Japan
to bring the war in the
Pacific to an end.
Unit 6: WWII &
Unit 7: Cold War
Winston Churchill
• I was prime minister of
Britain during most of
WWII. I led my country
through the Battle of
Britain and helped turn
the tide of the war. After
WWII, I named the new
division between Eastern
and Western Europe “the
Iron Curtain.”
Unit 6: WWII
Woodrow Wilson
• I was the president of the
United States during
World War I. At the end
of the war, I proposed the
14 points, a plan to
maintain peace in the
future. Although Britain
and France rejected most
of the document, they did
create the League of
Nations, perhaps the most
important of my 14
points.
Unit 6: World War I
Joseph Stalin
• I led the Soviet Union during
WWII. I made a secret
alliance with Hitler, but
fought on the side of the
Allies. After WWII, the tried
to strengthen the Soviet
Union and communism by
forming the Warsaw Pact and
making sure Eastern Europe
was under my control. People
also claim that I was
suspicious and that I had
millions of people killed
during purges of the general
population and the
communist party.
Unit 6: WWII &
Unit 7: Cold War
Mikhail Gorbachev
• I was the last president
of the Soviet Union
during the fall of the
Berlin Wall. My
strongest legacies to
world history are the
policies of glasnost and
perestroika.
Unit 7: 20th Century
World Leader
Benito Mussolini
• I led Italy during
WWII. I made an
alliance with Hitler and
led the fascist party in
my country.
Unit 6: Dictators/ WWII
Chiang- Kai Shek
• I led the Nationalist
Party during the
Chinese Civil War.
When my party lost to
the communists, I was
forced to flee to Taiwan
where I set up a new
government.
Unit 7: China’s Communist
Revolution
Mao TseTung/ Zedong
• I led the Communist
Party during the Chinese
Civil War. When my party
won the war, I set up a
communist government in
the new People’s Republic
of China. I ruled until my
death in 1976,
implementing such
policies as the Great Leap
Forward and the Cultural
Revolution.
Unit 7: China’s Communist
Revolution
Gandhi
• During the fight for
independence from
British rule, I helped
Indians use non-violent
resistance. I organized
boycotts and participated
in hunger strikes. One of
my most famous marches
was the Salt March in
1930, when I led a group
of Indians to the sea to
protest British control
over the salt industry.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- India
Nikita Khrushchev
• I was the leader of the
Soviet Union during
the Cuban Missile
Crisis. My decision to
put nuclear weapons in
Cuba brought the
world to the brink of
nuclear war
Unit 7: Cold War
John F. Kennedy
• My decision to remove
U.S. nuclear weapons
from Turkey helped to
diffuse the Cuban
Missile Crisis. October
of 1963 was one of the
hardest times of my
presidency.
Unit 7: cold War
Fidel Castro
• I was the communist
leader of Cuba during
the Cuban Missile
Crisis and still am
today!
Unit 7: cold War
Gamal Nasser
• I was the 2nd President
of Egypt starting in
1956. I am most
known for strenthening
Egypt after the end of
the mandate system,
nationalizing the Suez
Canal and building the
Aswan High Dam.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- AFRICA
Hideki Tojo
• I led the Japanese
military during WWII.
My decision to bomb
Pearl Harbor brought
the United States into
the conflict.
Unit 6: WWII
Jawaharlal Nehru
• I was a very close
associate of Gandhi
and became the first
prime minister of
India. I supported
western-style
industrialization and in
1950 I had the
Constitution changed
to prohibit caste
discrimination.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- AFRICA
Golda Meir
• I was the 4th Prime
Minister (first and only
woman) of Israel.
• Victory in the Yom
Kippur War against the
coalition of Arab States
led by Egypt and Syria
in 1973.
Unit 7: 20th Century
World Leader
Kwame Nkrumah
• I became Ghana first
president after gaining
independence from
Great Britain in 1957.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- AFRICA
Jomo Kenyatta
• The British accused me
of organizing the Mau
Mau and went to jail
for 7 years. On June 1,
1963, Kenya became
independent from the
British and I became
the first Prime
Minister.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- AFRICA
Indira Gandhi
• Jawaharlal Nehru was my
father and I became prime
minister of India in 1966.
In 1967 I started a nuclear
program and supported
Bangladesh in its fight for
independence from West
Pakistan. My own body
guards assassinated me in
October 1984.
Unit 7: Independence
Movements- India
Margaret Thatcher
• I became the first
woman British prime
minister in 1979. I
formed a very close
relationship with the
United States and U.S.
foreign policy. I also
encouraged more free
trade for England and
less government
regulation of business.
Unit 7: 20th Century
World Leader
Deng Xiaoping
• In 1978 I became leader
of the communist party
in China. I reformed
China’s command
economy to a market
economy. But, I still
continued strong control
over the people and
government as evident in
the Tiananmen Square
protests.
Unit 7: 20th Century
World Leader