Transcript The Protestant Reformation was centered in Western Europe, with

GEOGRAPHY
The Protestant Reformation was centered in Western Europe, with
Germany being one of the main battlegrounds.
The close proximity of Germany to Italy, the home of Catholicism,
made it an area riddled with religious conflict, especially when
the idea of Protestantism came into play.
The Protestant Reformation also affected Switzerland, France,
England, Netherlands, Ireland, and Scotland.
GEOGRAPHY CONTINUED
POLITICS
The political atmosphere was drastically altered with the coming of
the Protestant Revolution. It hit places such as England and the
Holy Roman Empire, or Germany.
In England, Henry VIII wanted to marry another woman and
demanded the pope approve it. However, since he had already
done so once before as an exception, the pope now refused.
As a result, Henry VIII decided to split from the Catholic Church and
create his Anglican Church. Here, he was the top man and he
controlled the church. Although it was somewhat Protestant, the
church was more conservative than others.
POLITICS CONTINUED
In Central Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was widely split. There
were princes who wanted their kingdoms to be Protestant, while
others wanted to stick to their Catholic origins.
The movement was started with Martin Luther and his 95 Theses,
who ignited debate over whether areas wanted to have
Protestantism or Catholicism. Although this was settled in the
Peace of Augsburg, conflict remained.
Eventually, this resulted in the 30 years war, with most the conflict
between the Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman
Empire.
POLITICS CONTINUED
The 30 years war eventually included
the French and the Habsburg. It
shifted from a religious war to a
political one as the French entered
on the Protestant side.
The French, seeing the the Habsburg
were gaining power, sought to stop
this and used the Protestant cause
as an excuse to enter war.
The war ended with the Peace of
Westphalia that also effectively
ended the Protestant Reformation.
INTELLECTUAL
During the Protestant Reformation, the main
instigator of change was Martin Luther, a
German monk who began the movement with his
95-theses.
Martin Luther translated and mass produced the
Bible in German vernacular in order to spread
the Bible to more people. In addition to this, his
idea of Lutheranism differed from Catholicism by
using the Bible as its sole source of divine
knowledge.
RELIGIOUS
Inspired by Martin Luther’s challenging
of the Catholic Church, many new
theologies sprouted, such at
Lutheranism in the Germanic
region, Calvinism, Zwinglianism in
Switzerland, and the Puritan
movement in England.
The Calvinist ideas included the fact
that the only way to obtain God’s
knowledge was to study the
scriptures. Also, he refuses the
use of imagery of God, as he
believes it could lead to idols.
RELIGIOUS CONTINUED
Zwinglianism was based on the
bible, taking scriptures and
placing them above all else.
Both state and church are
under the rule of God.
Puritans wanted the English
Church to be more similar to
the Protestant Churches and
tried to reform it. They
rejected ornaments and
rituals.
RELIGIOUS AGAIN
A major religious event that occurred in 1521 was the Diet of
Worms, an imperial assembly called by the Holy Roman Empire.
To protect the Catholic Churches authority, Charles V’s advisors
suggested that Luther was a threat and a heretic and that he
needed to be brought before the Diet of Worms.
He was however, too busy with political and military concerns so
Martin Luther was able to freely move about.
ARTISTIC
The key artistic form that developed during the Protestant
Reformation was the style of Baroque art. Baroque art is
characterized by its use of exaggerated motion to produce drama
and tension in art. This was a reaction to the Protestant
Reformation by the Roman Catholic Church who believed that the
arts should communicate religious ideas. These works were
popular with aristocracy who used it as a show of power and
wealth.
ARTISTIC IMAGES
MORE ART
MORE ART
TECHNOLOGICAL
The main invention that was important during the Protestant
Reformation was the printing press, invented almost a century
before the start of the Protestant Reformation. However, it was
the invention that started the Protestant Reformation and
ultimately cultivated it. Martin Luther used the printing press to
mass print his German version of the Bible. Also, he used it to
spread his new ideas and issues with the church. Through this,
he was able to spread his ideas across the continent and
influence many other people to challenge the Catholic Church,
such as Calvin and Zwingli.
ECONOMIC
During the Protestant Reformation there were few to almost no
chances economically. The movement was mainly political,
social, and religious and didn’t effect the economies of countries
SOCIAL
The Protestant Reformation led to many social changes, including
witch hunts, centralization of family in society, and the Protestant
work ethic.
Witch hunts were a common practice, with the number 1 practicing
country being Germany, followed by France.
Family was now seen as the foundation for religion, not the churches
for Protestants.
The Protestant work ethic that came through the new teachings
helped create a society of harder working people. This led to the
development of a larger middle class and spurred the
development of capitalism.
SOCIAL EFFECTS CONTINUED
In the Protestant Reformation, woman gained ground as they were
encouraged to read and study the bible themselves. However,
they were still expected to remain subordinate to their husbands
or father.