Transcript TEST SEVEN NOTES

TEST SEVEN NOTES
World History Standard 10
The student will analyze the
impact of the age of
discovery and expansion
into the Americas, Africa,
and Asia.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=kKeB82retLs&feature=relate
d
MON 11/04
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the conquistadors
affect the Americas?
THE SPANISH EMPIRE
• exception of Brazil, most of Portugal’s
colonies were in Africa and Asia. The
Spanish, however, turned most of their
energies to the Americas. The Spanish
realized the lands found by Columbus
were not a part of Asia.
They did not find the spices they
were looking for, but they did find
fertile soil, numerous minerals and
a good climate. Spanish
colonization began in the West
Indies in what is today the
Dominican Republic. They heard
of civilizations rich with gold.
They then went on to Puerto Rico,
Cuba, and parts of the South
American coast. From Puerto Rico
Juan Ponce de Leon sailed north
in 1513 to Florida. Other explorers
went to the Yucatan peninsula in
Mexico and learned of the Maya
civilization.
With 10 ships and 600 men
Hernando Cortez invaded
Mexico in 1519. He defeated
the Aztecs. Horses and guns
helped the smaller Spanish
forces defeat the empire.
Francisco Pizarro led an
expedition of 180 men and 27
horses from the Isthmus of
Panama to the Inca Empire
(present day Peru) and
conquered them. Other
explorers were less successful in
their search for wealth.
Hernando De Soto explored
west from Florida and
discovered the Mississippi
River, but no gold.
Francisco Vasquez de
Coronado led an army from
Mexico into SW North America in
the search for the fabled “Seven
Cities of Cibola”. They
discovered the Grand Canyon
and the Colorado River, but no
gold.
In time Spain controlled a vast
empire in the Americas. The
Spanish actually established
settlements (not just trading
posts) in the Americas. The
colonies were ruled by
viceroys, who were
representatives of the monarch.
Spain grew rich from its colonies.
This was due mainly to the
discovery of silver mines in what
is today Bolivia and northern
Mexico. Agriculture was another
importance. The Spaniards needed
cheap labor to work the mines and
farms. That led them to the
Native Americans in the area.
This was a disaster to these
people. The Spaniards brought
disease with them. Wherever
the Spaniards went they passed
on germs, especially smallpox
which the natives did not have
any resistance to. The germs
killed millions of Native
Americans.
More deaths than any wars or
famines since. In Mexico the
native populations had been
around 10 million when the
Spanish arrived in 1519. By
the 1600’s only 1.5 million
were left.
The explorers collected plants,
foods and animals from all of
the places they explored and
carried them back to Europe.
This global transfer of foods,
plants and animals during the
colonization of the Americas has
been called the Columbian
Exchange. (p. 572)
They also brought plants and
animals with them from Europe
and Africa to use in the
Americas.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=h7MvBf3mFLI
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=HujNLAoixXw
11/06
– EQ:
How did Elizabeth I’s “seadogs”
affect the European powerstructure?
The Spanish government tried
to make sure that the wealth in
the Americas went to the
Spanish only. Foreigners were
not allowed in the Spanish
colonies. Silver and gold could
be carried only on Spanish ships
and only to the Spanish port of
Seville.
So Spanish treasure ships became
great prizes. They were attacked
by pirates and also by the ships of
European nations who envied the
Spanish wealth. Late in the 1500’s
the Spanish developed a convoy
system with warships escorting
the treasure vessels on the way to
Spain.
In the early 1500’s Spain and
Portugal did not have much
competition for the colonies.
England and France were
fighting among themselves.
The Netherlands was under
Spanish control until the 1600’s.
Russia was just beginning to
emerge from Mongol rule. By
the late 1500’s the Spanish
empire was at its height and the
northern European nations were
ready to get some of their own.
Because of England’s location
it’s people had always been
interested in the sea. Shortly
after Columbus’s first voyage an
Italian captain named John
Cabot was financed by the King
of England to explore North
America.
In 1497 and 1498 he explored
the coasts for Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia, and New England.
His voyages gave the English a
claim to North America.
England (and the other northern
European countries) did not
respect the Line of
Demarcation. Also known as
the Treaty of Tordesillas.
In the 2nd half of the 1500’s
(during the reign of Queen
Elizabeth I) England had a
group of good sea captains.
Men such as John Hawkins,
Francis Drake, and Walter
Raleigh. The English called
them sea dogs.
They were both traders and
pirates. Hawkins and Drake stole
slaves from the Portuguese and
sold them to the Spanish colonies.
Drake even sailed through the
Strait of Magellan and into the
Pacific Ocean. This upset the
Spanish because they considered it
their private ocean.
He attacked Spanish treasure ships
and stole their treasures. When he
returned to England he became the
first English captain to sail
around the globe. King Phillip
II (of Spain) protested to Queen
Elizabeth I about the attacks of the
English captains on his treasure
ships, but she claimed she was
helpless to control them.
Secretly she supported them and
shared what they stole. She even
knighted Drake. This angered King
Phillip, plus he wanted to wipe out
the protestant heresy in England,
so he attacked England in 1588.
He sent a fleet of 130 ships which
he called the Invincible Armada.
The Armada sailed northward
toward the English Channel.
The English gathered all of their
ships to meet the Armada. The
English ships were smaller and
easier to handle. Their guns
also fired faster and had a
longer range.
They damaged and sank a
number of the Spanish fleet.
Then a terrible storm came up
and aided the English in
stopping the Spanish. Only half
of the Spanish Armada returned
to Spain.
The defeat of the Spanish
Armada marked the beginning
to the decline of the Spanish
control on the seas, and
England began to establish
colonies overseas. In 1600
Queen Elizabeth allowed a
group to begin trading in India.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=ydyZ10k8VsA
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=vWPbnWMpMiA&feature=rel
ated
11/07
THUR
EQ: How did the defeat of the
Spanish Armada alter European
exploration and the European
power structure?
The company was called the
English East India Company
and it set up trading posts in
Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
The company dealt mainly with the
local rulers. They assisted the local
rulers as needed. If they needed
help defending their area, they
provided troops, if a bribe was
needed it was provided.
The English were so successful
in helping these local rulers that
they remained in India for 350
years. It was because of their
success in India that made them
so slow to set up colonies in the
North America.
The first English explorations of
North America in search of a
Northwest passage to India –
a water route around the
Americas to the North and west;
because the Spanish dominated
the route around the Cape of
good Hope.
One of the explorers was Henry
Hudson. In 1609 the Dutch sent
him to explore much of the coast of
North America and he discovered a
river which now has his name. On
a voyage for the English in 1610
he discovered a body of water now
called the Hudson Bay.
search northwest passage
continued the English
interested North America
establish colonies
1600’s several English
east coast of North America.
The first permanent settlement
was Jamestown, established in
Virginia in 1607.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=XLAgnamnYk0
2nd Plymouth, established in
Massachusetts in 1620.
established for commercial
purposes. people who supported
and financed them hoped that the
settlers would raise the products
that England had to import from
Asia
make them a profit.
For the investors-proved to be a
disappointment. Few got their
money back, much less made a
profit. But the settlers had
different reasons for coming to
America.
greater political or religious
freedom
better lives for their families.
emphasis on self-government
set England’s colonies apart
from the other European
colonies.
Most English colonies had some
sort of representative assembly,
or governing body, and control
by the home country was loose.
One area- English government
did intervene with the colonies
was economic.
placed taxes on goods the
colonists imported from the
West Indies and Asia.
THE DUTCH
• Because the Netherlands was
situated on the North Sea the
Dutch were a seafaring people.
In the 1500’s the Netherlands
began to try to get its freedom
from Spain.
1602 the Dutch combined
several trading companies
one powerful organization
called the Dutch East India
Company. The first Dutch
settlement was on the island of
Java in 1619.
The settlement was called
Batavia. They eventually took
the Spice Islands from the
Portuguese.
colony on the southern tip of
Africa near the Cape of Good
Hope.
This allowed them to protect their
holdings and gave them a base for
their attacks on other ships.
established colonies in Japan, and
in the West Indies, South America,
and North America. They founded
New Amsterdam which is today
New York city.
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=j0qbzNHmfW0
11/11 Mon
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What changes did the French
and Indian War bring about?
Spain gained control of
Portugal in 1580, Portuguese
ships and their possessions
became fair game for Dutch
ships to attack. The Dutch
attacked Portuguese ships
carrying treasure and goods
from Asia to Portugal.
THE FRENCH
• Jacques Cartier.
• He made several voyages
between 1534-1541.
• He sailed up the St Lawrence
River - city of Montreal.
gave the French claim to
eastern Canada
no permanent French
settlements were built until the
1600’s.
1608 Samuel de Champlain
first permanent French
settlement - Quebec.
France - settlements in the St
Lawrence Valley and Great
lakes regions
profitable fur trade
Fishing off Newfoundland and
Nova Scotia
late 1600’s King Louis XIV
encourage more settlements
Robert de La Salle sent to
explore
sailed the Mississippi River to
the Gulf of Mexico and claimed
the entire inland region of North
America for France.
named region Louisiana in
honor of King Louis XIV
set up profitable sugarproducing colonies in the West
Indies - island of Martinique
established a trading post in
southeast India.
Haiti – Saint Dominique
jewel of the Antilles
THE RUSSIANS
1500’s Russia warm water ports.
East - vast region of central Asia
It was this direction that Russia
first grew.
Cossacks
central Asia
fur trappers – Sable
1581 Cossacks conquered the
remnants of the Mongol Golden
Horde.
captured the capital city of the
Mongols, Sibir, east of the Ural
Mountains. That opened up the
way to the lands eastward
(what is today Siberia).
Russian pioneers gradually
moved eastward.
Blockhouses - much like
American frontier forts These
posts were first used as centers
for trade and defense
beginnings of towns and cities
1640’s Russians had reached
the Pacific Ocean.
Russians expanded across
frontier quickly
no native groups to stop them
cross the Amur River.
Chinese
50 years the two groups fought for
the area
1689 the Russians and Chinese
signed a treaty that fixed a
boundary between them and
provided for Russian-Chinese trade.
Russia traded furs and raw
materials with the Chinese for silk
and tea.
1700’s English settlers
westward across the
Appalachian Mountains
in contact with the French
settlers in New France.
In 1754 a conflict known as the
French and Indian War
began. American phase of the
Seven years War.
lasted nine years (or 26 if
include Austria) and fought in
several places in the world both
had colonies
result - the Treaty of Paris in
1763, gave Britain victory in the
western hemisphere
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=zG3yNlm0YxE
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=D727LW8GENQ
11/12/13
What changes did the French
and Indian War bring about?
*Seven Year’s War
OTHER CHANGES
• Enlightenment Era (Age of Reason)
• Locke – Natural rights – life, liberty,
property
Montesquieu – Separation of Powers
Voltaire – Freedom of
thought/expression and religion.
Beccaria – abolishment of
torture
Wollstonecraft – Women’s
rights/education
Rousseau- Direct Democracy
Locke & Rousseau – Social
Contract Theory
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• England - 13 colonies - North
America mid-1600’s
The French and Indian War did
4 things.
1) controlled land from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi
River and from the Gulf of
Mexico almost to the Arctic
Ocean
2)ended French power in North
America
3)reduced the colonist’s
dependence on England - no
longer needed protection
from the French
4) left the British with a large
debt
American phase - fought to
protect the colonists; so the
British felt that the colonists
should help pay
1763 the British decided to
enforce its trade regulations
The Sugar Act (1764) set new
taxes on sugar and many other
items imported into the North
American colonies.
passed a law prohibiting the
colonists from printing their own
money
1765 passed the Stamp Act.
placed a tax on wills, mortgagees,
contracts, newspapers, pamphlets,
calendars, playing cards, and
almanacs.
taxes led to conflicts
Smuggling
the British began searching
vessels to look for smuggled
goods. Smugglers were
prosecuted.
1763-1775 - relations
colonists / British government
worse
British insisted laws enforced
colonists argued taxes unjust
not represented in the British
parliament.
refuse to buy British
manufactured goods
caused economic problems British merchants
colonists – violence tarred and
feathered tax collectors
Royal colony - a colony, run by
a royal governor and council
appointed by the British crown,
and with a representative
assembly elected by the people.
A proprietary colony is a colony
in which one or more private
land owners retain rights that
are normally the privilege of the
state.
Buffer colony – established to
act as a buffer or separation
between two other areas.
Penal Colony – a colony
established as a prison area
separate from the home
country.
11/13
Essential Question:
What was the purpose of the 13
English colonies?
believe be guaranteed freedom
independent from Britain
no way united in this though
group of colonists who were
loyal to the King and his
government
called Loyalists - Georgia
wealthiest / powerful members
colonies
favored independence Patriots
Some were wealthy
1774 Britain passed series of laws
colonists hated - the Intolerable
Acts
One - closed the port of Boston
to all shipping
fall of 1774, delegates - colonies
except Georgia
Philadelphia in the First
Continental Congress.
delegates demanded same
rights as the people of England
pledged to support each other
13 COLONIES
• 1. VIRGINIA – 1607
– Jamestown
– 32 of 105 survived
– Captain John Smith
– Chief Powhatan
– Pocahontas
2. Massachusetts – 1620
Maine – Popham Colony
(also known as the
Sagadahoc Colony)
Pilgrims – Mayflower
Samoset – 1st – Squanto –
farming techniques
Puritans – 1628 – Salem
John Winthrop - Boston
3. New Hampshire – 1623
captain John Mason
fishing village
started out as a Proprietary
colony - Royal colony in
1679
4. New Jersey – 1623
Dutch – New Netherlands
1664 – Duke of York (King’s
brother)
5. New York 1624
Dutch – New Netherlands
Duke of York
6. Maryland -1633
Lord Baltimore
7. Rhode Island – 1636
Roger Williams/ Anne
Hutchenson left Mass
religious freedom
8. Connecticut – 1636
Dutch – Hartford 1633
Thomas Hooker
9. Delaware – 1638
Dutch – 1631
Peter Minuet – Swedish
log cabin design
William Penn short time
10. 1653 North Carolina
1500’s Roanoke Island
Virginia colonists – buffer
colony
11. South Carolina 1663
1526 San Miguel de
Gualdape -Hispaniola
named for King Charles II
Charles town - Charleston
12. Pennsylvania – 1682
Quakers – William Penn
Philadelphia
13. Georgia 1732
buffer colony
James Oglethorpe
Savannah
King George II
• 1775-1783
• 43 years
Do questions 3, 4 and 5
pages – 750, 755, 761, 767,
778, 784, 790, 795.
• http://www.youtube.com/embed/IYQhRCs
9IHM
11/14
Essential Question: What were
some results of the American
Revolution?
1775 British troops Boston seize
guns and gunpowder colonists
stored nearby Lexington and
Concord
British met by armed resistance
retreat to Boston
May of 1775 Second
Continental Congress met in
Philadelphia
decided to declare
independence from Great Britain
On July 4, 1776, they adopted
the Declaration of
Independence.
written Thomas Jefferson
based on the ideas John
Locke and Rousseau.
This declaration of independence
led to a war with Great Britain. It
lasted from 1776-1781. In 1781
the American states ratified
(accepted) the Articles of
Confederation. This was a plan
of government that had been
adopted at the Second Continental
Congress in 1777.
It provided for a stronger
central government, creating a
one-house Congress in which
each state just had one vote.
Congress was given the power
to declare war, make peace,
conduct foreign relations, and
settle disputes between the
states.
Under the Articles of
Confederation Congress did not
have the power to tax
It could also not regulate trade
with foreign countries or among
the states.
Eight months later (still 1781)
the Americans won a decisive
battle in Yorktown, VA over
the British General
Cornwallis. The British
decided to accept many of the
terms of peace offered by
Benjamin Franklin.
The negotiations took two years
and in 1783, The Treaty of
Paris was signed. The
colonists not only won their
independence, but they were
also granted a large tract of
land.
The country’s boundaries now
stretched from the Atlantic to
the Mississippi River and from
Florida to the Great Lakes.
US Constitution (1787)+ 10
Amendments
Bill of Rights
15th Amendment – suffrage on
race/ethnicity 1870
th
19 Amendment - women
suffrage 1920
Test Seven will be 11/21 THUR