Transcript Ch. 25 Sec. 5 - J Go World History

Ch. 25 Sec. 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
1
Results of the Uprisings
• In 1848 uprisings in France set off
revolts throughout Europe
• In Vienna, demonstrators clashed w/
the army & Emperor Ferdinand
ordered Prince Metternich, his chief
minister, to resign
• After dominating European affairs for
30 years, Metternich fled the country
& later, Ferdinand stepped down
turning over the throne to his nephew
• Uprisings spread to Hungary; Hungarians
resented Austrian rule
• Many were Magyars, descendants of
nomadic warriors w/ a unique language &
culture
• Hungarian patriot Lajos Kossuth led a
revolt in 1848 & was elected president by
the assembly
• But Austria expelled the rebels & Czar
Nicholas I sent troops so revolution
wouldn’t spread to Russian-controlled
Formation of the Dual Monarchy
• After defeat by Prussia, Austria
responded to Hungarian demands for
independence
• It formed the Dual Monarchy, or
Austria-Hungary w/ a common ruler,
Francis Joseph I, was Emperor of
Austria & King of Hungary
• Austria & Hungary had their own
parliaments
• The economy benefited Hungary
furnished raw material & food, while
Austria produced manufactured goods
• Still there were problems: Austria
wanted high tariffs for its
manufactured goods; Austrian
Germans & Hungarian Magyars spoke
different languages; ethnic minorities
pressed for self-gov’t
• After the Seven Weeks’ War, Austria
The Ottoman Empire & the Balkans
• S.E. of Austria-Hungary lay the
Balkans who were controlled by the
weakened Ottoman Empire
• The rise of nationalism in the Balkans
increased discontent; the region
contained Serbs, Bulgarians,
Romanians, Albanians, & Greeks
• Revolts during the 1820s resulted in
Greek independence & self-rule for
• Russia supported the Balkan
nationalists, many of whom were
fellow Slavs & Orthodox Christians
• Also, collapse of the Ottoman Empire
would give Russia access to the
Mediterranean & G.B. didn’t want the
Russians in the Mediterranean
• In an unusual twist, autocratic Russia
promoted Balkan independence &
Democratic Britain supported the
The Congress of Berlin & the Balkan Wars
• Revolts broke out in the Balkans in
1875
• Supporting the rebels, Russia
defeated the Ottoman Empire
• The Treaty of San Stefano forced
the Turks to grant independence to
Romania, Serbia, & Montenegro; it
also gave self-rule to Bulgaria, which
Russia then occupied bcuz Russia
then had access to the Aegean Sea
• Russia’s increased influence in the
region alarmed other European
nations so Russia was forced to
attend the Congress of Berlin
• It altered the Treaty of San Stefano:
Bulgaria remained w/ the Ottoman
Empire, removing Russia from the
Med.; G.B. occupied the island of
Cyprus, giving it a naval base in the
region; Austria could govern but not
annex Bosnia & Herzegovina
• 1908 Austria broke the agreement,
seizing Bosnia & Herzegovina
• Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, &
Montenegro formed the Balkan
League
• They declared war on the Ottoman
Empire & won, but quarreled over
territory
• In a second war, Serbia, Greece,
Montenegro, Romania, & the Ottoman
Empire attacked & defeated Bulgaria
• Bulgaria retained only a small outlet
on the Aegean Sea
• The Ottoman Empire was reduced to
Constantinople plus the land
controlling a H2O route from the
Black Sea to the Med.