Transcript World History - Kenston Local Schools

World History
Unit 1A
Absolutism and Scientific Revolution
Ch.5 and 6.1
5.1
Absolutism
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every aspect
Divine Right- represent God
Why?
• Decline of feudalism
• World was crazy
• Fear of God
Spain
Isabella & Ferdinand
Spanish Inquisition
United Spain
Charles V (Hapsburg)
Grandson
Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
Catholic
Phillip II
Crazy Catholic
El Escorial
Spanish Armada
Spain
Art
El Greco- Catholic Faith
Velazquez- Monarchy
Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote
Modern European
Novel
Spain
Problems
Economic- inflation
tax on poor
Dutch- Revolt
Protestant vs. Catholic
William of Orange
Flood Gates
United Provinces of Netherlands
(Republic)
England
Defeat of Armada
Tried to kill Elizabeth I
France
Bourbon Family
Henry IV- Henry of Navarre
Protestant
“Paris is Worth a Mass”
Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (minister)
30 Year War (won)
Weakened Nobles
Edict of Nantes
France
Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin
5yr old, “Boy King”
The Fronde
The “Sun King”
“I am the State”
Got rid of Edict of Nantes
Weakened Nobles
Debt, Abuse of Power
Lost War of Spanish Succession (Eng/HRE)
Versailles
Lavish
Gold
Fountains
Apollo
Gardens
Spy on Nobles
Glorify King
Austria
Hapsburgs
Maria Theresa (Charles VI daughter)
War of Austrian Succession (Silesia)
Prussia attacked, won war lost Silesia
Increase Army
Catholic
Decrease power of Nobility
7 years War- lost
Prussia
Hohenzallerns
Frederick William I
Great Elector
Standing Army
Permanent tax
Soldier King
Military Society
Junkers-land owning nobility
Prussia
Frederick II (The Great)
practical
atheist
religious tolerance
legal reform
foreign affairs
Russia
Ivan IV (The Terrible)
1533
Csar/Tsar (Ceasar)
added land
code of laws
boyars
secret police
Russia
Peter the Great (Romanov)
Grand Embassy
Church under state
westernize
army
navy
lower class loyal
reduced landowners
power
St. Petersburg
Clothes
Education
Potato
Waterway for trade
newspaper
Russia
Catherine the Great
school for girls
increase size of Russia
England
• Elizabeth I
Renaissance
Restored Anglican Church
Debt
James I (Cousin, King of Scotland)
Charles I
*James I son
*Asked parliament for $
*NO
*Got rid of parliament
*Recalled parliament
*Petition of Rights
– Due cause
– No quartering of soldiers
– Signed it, got money, then ignored it
*Forced Anglican Church on Puritans
*Presbyterians (Scotland) got army
Civil War
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Charles fled
Royalists (Cavaliers) support King
Roundheads, Parliament, Puritans wanted King out
Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and won
Beheaded Charles I
Cromwell became dictator
Got rid of fun, killed Irish
Died
The Restoration of Charles II
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1660
Fun
Habeas Corpus
Heir was a Catholic= James, brother
1st political parties emerge
Whigs – no blood line
Tories – James and blood line
James becomes King
The Glorious Revolution
• James was Catholic King
• Had Protestant daughter, Mary
• Mary was married to William of Orange from the
Netherlands
• Parliament brought W & M to England
• Bloodless overthrow of James
• James left
• It was “Glorious” to have a Protestant King & Queen
back
Constitutional Monarchy
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Laws limit the monarch’s power
English Bill of Rights
Cabinet
Prime Minister- Robert Walpole
30 Years War
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Religious Conflict
Increased power of France
Weakening of Spain & Austria
Devastation of Germany (HRE)
Religion, land and power among ruling
families
Scientific Revolution
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Heliocentric- Copernicus
Francis Bacon- reason from abstract theories
Isaac Newton-gravity, clock
Scientific Method-Observe, question,
hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion
• Improvements in medicine and scientific
instruments
Unit 1B
The Enlightenment
Chapter 6.2 & 6.3
The Enlightenment in Europe
• Scientific Revolution
• Age of Reason
– Emphasis reason and thought
Two Views on Government
Thomas Hobbes
• Leviathon
• Social contract
• Needed Absolute monarchy
John Locke
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Two Treatises of Government
Government by consent
Natural Rights
Universal Moral Law
Philosophes
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Thinkers of new ideas
Use reason
Use logic
Progress
Liberty
Voltaire
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Candide
Freedom of religion
Freedom of Speech
“I disapprove of what you say but I defend you
to the death your right to say it”
Montesquieu
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On the Spirit of Laws
Separation of powers
Three branches of government
Checks & balances
Power should be a check to power
Rousseau
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The Social Contract
Direct democracy (Anarchy)
All people are equal
Civilization corrupts
Beccaria
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On Crime and Punishment
Criminal justice
NO death penalty
No torture
Punishment should fit the crime
Women
Mary Wollstonecraft
• Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
• Women need education
Marie Lavosiour
• Helped her husband
Emilie Chatelet
• Translated Newton to french
Impact of the Enlightenment
Three Long Term Effects
• Belief in Progress- end slavery, prison reform
• More Secular Outlook- Deism, tolerance
• Importance of the Individual- Methodist,
Adam Smith (Capitalism, Invisible Hand)
Spread of Enlightenment
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Salons
Diderot
Books
Letters
Visits (William Penn, The United Nations)
Middle Class develop
Art
Baroque
• Grand, ornate, overwhelming emotion
• Bach, Handel
Rococo
• Over the top elaboration
• Versailles
Neoclassical
• Order, balance, simple elegance, architecture,
classic Roman and Greek
Music
• Hayden- symphany
• Mozart- operas
• Beethoven- piano symphonies
Literature
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Novels
Vernacular
Plot, suspense
Robinson Crusoe
Enlightened Despots
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Rule fairly and just, absolute
Supports enlightened ideas
No intention of giving up power
Make the country and himself stronger
Frederick the Great
• Prussia
• Abolish torture
• Decrease censorship
Joseph II
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Austria
Freedom of the press
Freedom to worship
Abolished serfdom
Catherine the Great
• Russia
• School for girls