Transcript Henry IV of France

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
-Ruled areas in
-New World
-Spain
-Netherlands
-Holy Roman Empire of
-Hapsburgs
-Austria
-Parts of Italy
Map the Spanish discoveries
Wars of Charles
-Constant warfare
-French
-Protestants – in HRE
-Muslims (Ottoman Empire)
-Occupy Hungary and threaten
the Mediterranean
-Worn out by war divides his empire and
goes to a monastery
-Empire spilt between
- Brother Ferdinand and Son Philip II
-Hapsburg land
Spain
-HRE
Netherlands
New world
Southern Italy
Why did the Pope
Split the New World
between Spain and
Portugal??
PHILIP II
Expand Spanish
Influence Across the
Globe
Strengthen the
Catholic Church
Strengthen
Inquisition
Supported Catholic
Reformation
Wanted his power
to be ABSOLUTE
Philip’s Divine Right
-All government responsible to
him
- Guardian of the Catholic
Faith
-Catholic reformation
-Inquisition
Philip’s Wars
-Battle of Lepanto
-Ended Ottoman influence
-Revolt of the Netherlands
-Inquisition causes riots
-Spanish Armada
Religious Intolerance
Protestants who didn’t convert were
expelled
Revolt in the Netherlands - Philip battled Protestant
Rebels in the Netherlands
Strengthened the Inquisition
Protestant Queen Elizabeth became Philip’s #1
Enemy
Francis Drake and the Sea dogs attack Spanish
ships
Elizabeth Knights him
Rough seas spoil
food and water
Spanish fleet
English fleet
Ammunition
1588 - 130 Ships improperly stored -- 150 Ships
wet
Smaller,
Big, slow, very
Spanish use classic faster, more
strong
manuverable
V formation for
20,000 men and attack
More daring
2,400 pieces of
leadership
English respond
artillery were
sent across the with fire boats
Fire ships
English Channel
“It
is well known that we fight in God’s cause.
So, when we meet the English, God will surely
arrange matters so threat we can grapple and
board them, either by sending some strange
freak of weather or, more likely, just be
depriving the English of their wits. If we can
come to close quarters Spanish valor and
Spanish steel… will make our victory certain.”
Do not write this
“Strange Freak of Weather” - storm - destroyed the
Spanish Armada, before there was ever a fight.
Less than 1/3 of Spanish ships returns to Spain
Economic Decline - Philip II resigned his throne
Costly wars overseas drained Spain of its wealth
By expelling Muslims and Jews the country lost its
work base
Became a country of Beggars
France Replaced Spain as the Most Powerful
Country in Europe
The Valois Family:
The Beginning of the End
 Henri II was the last powerful Valois
 Three weak sons followed:
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Francis II
Charles IX
Henri III
 Catherine de Medici controlled the sons:
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Was mother to the boys
Played both sides in the civil war
Developed a reputation for cruelty
Catherine de Medici
Francis II & His Wife, Mary Stuart
The French Civil Wars
 There were two sides:
 Guise family led Catholics in North
 Bourbon family led Huguenots in South
 Fighting for the royal inheritance
 Catherine supported the Guises in the first phase
of Civil wars (7 total)
 Treaty of St. Germain en Laye (1570)
 Peace
 Religious freedom for Huguenots
 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
 August 24, 1572
 20,000 Huguenots were killed
 Henri of Navarre, a Bourbon, survived
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
The French Civil War
 Catherine started supporting the Bourbons.
Catholic
League
CIVIL
WAR
Protestant
Union
 Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League &
becomes Henry IV of France.
 Effects of Civil War:
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France was left divided by religion
Royal power had weakened
Valois family now replaced by Bourbons
Triumphal Entry of Henry IV Into Paris – Peter Paul
Reubens
Henry IV of France
 Ended Spanish interference in
France
 Converted to Catholicism :
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Did this to compromise and make
peace
Paris is worth a mass.
This was an example of politique
[the interest of the state comes
first before any religious
considerations]
Fighting for the royal inheritance
 Passed Edict of Nantes in 1598:
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Granted religious rights to
Huguenots
Did not grant religious freedom for
all
LOUIS XIII
• KING AT 9 (1610) Henry IV assassinated
• Marie de’ Medici Regent
• Appointed Richelieu as Chief Minister
in1624
– Expand power of King by destroying
• Huguenots
• Nobles
Holy Roman Empire had collapsed into
several small separate states - they didn’t
listen to the Emperor (Ferdinand II)
Religion - North was Protestant and South
was Catholic
Reformation
Defenestration of Prague - Protestant
noblemen threw 2 Royal Officials out of a
Castle Window in Prague.
Four phases of war
-Bohemian
-Danish
-Swedish
-French
Religious War - Spain
and Poland (Catholic
States) lead by
Ferdinand II vs.
(Protestant Powers)
Netherlands and
Sweden.
Shifted from Religion to Politics
Allied with each other for there
own political motives
For example - Catholic France
joined Lutheran Sweden against
the Hapsburgs of Austria
Brutal War - Soldiers destroyed
crops and homes and killed
without mercy.
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
General Peace in Europe
France gained territory
Netherlands won
Independence
Swiss Federation won
Independence
Germany divided into 360+
Separate States - fragmented each one had its own coinage,
government, state church and
foreign policy
Prussia emerged as a New
Protestant Power
Austria and Hapsburgs
emerged as a strong Catholic
Power
DOMINATE
EUROPE
ORDER, STABILITY, AND
REFORM IN FRANCE
Kept a group of Professional diplomats as his
advisors. - Cardinal Richelieu
Denied rights to Huguenots (French Protestants) revoked Edict of Nantes
- result: 200,000 fled France - destroying the
French Economy and earning him Protestant
Enemies
Invaded Spanish Netherlands
Gained 12 fortresses in Holland and
isolated the Dutch
ATTACKED NETHERLANDS
Gained more fortresses
Sent Army to Rhineland (9 Years War)
Loss - unprepared and showed
some serious problems with the
French defenses - Kept Alsace.
1701 - 1714
The War of Spanish
Succession
fought over who
should be rightful
King of Spain
grandson got
throne, but could
never also get French
throne
Lost Colonies in
new World except
Quebec.
Created a Political Alliance with
Spain.
BUILT THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES
Forced the Nobility to live there
They had all the privileges they wanted and non of
power.
He had ABSOLUTE CONTROL
“I depart, France
Remains.”- Louis XIV
•He wanted his legacy to
carry on with his son
instead after Louis XIV,
France began its decline.
Parliament wanted the King to
consult them when making decisions
James I & his son Charles I, believed
in the “Divine Right of Kings” - “I will
not be content that my power be
disputed upon.”- James I
Both took action to dissolve
Parliament when it disagreed with
them
Puritans wanted to clean out all the
unnecessary pageantry in the church
that was left over from Catholicism
King wanted to keep the church as is
with all the Glory and Power that came
with being the head of it
(Divine Right of Kings)
CAVALIERS VS ROUNDHEADS
(CHARLES I)
HOUSE OF
LORDS
NOBLES
OLIVER CROMWELL
•PURITANS &
PARLIAMENT
•HOUS EOF
COMMONS
CAVALIERS VS ROUNDHEADS
(CHARLES I)
OLIVER CROMWELL
Had support of
northern Nob le
Families
Allies with scotland
Ardent Anglicans
Created and effective
army (New Model
army)
A COMMONWEALTH
Scotland captures Charles
Cromwell develops Rump
Parliament
PARLIAMENT - executed Charles I
Jan 1649
Abolished the Monarchy
Abolishes the anglican Church
Abolishes the house of Lords
Declared Themselves a Republic
PURITAN MORALITY
No music in church
Everything is shut on Sunday
no lewd dancing (modest
dancing ok)
no taverns or gambling
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
welcomed Jews (Hypocritical
not to)
EDUCATION FOR ALL PEOPLE
Conflict with Radicals Called
Levellers – desired that all people have a say in
government
1653 Cromwell took title of Lord Protector and
ruled using his Army (Dissolved the Parliament)
When Cromwell died (1658)- Charles II was
welcomed back to his throne. He was Popular,
and restored the Taverns and the Original Church
of England
LONG TERM:
•James II - a Catholic took the throne after
Charles II died - for fear of a new Catholic
Royal Line - The English had a Bloodless
Revolution
•THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION - The
closest Protestant relative was Mary who
had married William of Orange - they were
given the throne if they signed the “English
Bill of Rights”
•Created a Limited Monarchy - government
in which a constitution or legislative body
limits the monarch’s powers
•Established habeous corpus - no
person could be held in prison without
first being charged with a specific
crime.
•Toleration Act - limited toleration to
Puritans & Quakers, but not yet
Catholics
•THE BEGINNING OF A
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY