Transcript Henry VIII, King of England from 1509-1547

Write the following on page 23
• During the 15th and 16th Centuries, England
evolved from a feudal monarchy with tyrant
kings into a constitutional monarchy with a
powerful Parliament.
• This is the story of how this happened
• Henry VIII, King of England from
1509-1547
• had 6 wives, 1st one was
Catherine of Aragon, a Catholic,
they had a daughter, Mary
• He wanted a younger woman,
the Pope would not grant him a
divorce,
• so he started the Church of
England, making himself Head of
the Church and divorced
Catherine, to marry Anne
Boleyn, a Protestant (non
Catholic)
• He and Anne had a daughter,
Elizabeth
• He grew bored with Anne and
had her beheaded
• Henry wanted/needed a son, he
married Jane Seymour, and they
had Edward IV, a very sickly child
• Jane died after giving birth
• Edward IV, only son
of Henry VIII and
Jane Seymour
• Crowned King of
England in 1547 at
the age of 9
• He was a very sickly
child and died at
age 15, leaving no
male heir to the
throne
• Bloody Mary, Catholic
daughter of Henry VIII,
• becomes queen of
England in 1553-1558
• begins persecution of
Protestants.
• She’s crazy and hates
Elizabeth
• She dies leaving no heirs
• Elizabeth I of England, Protestant
daughter of Henry VIII and Anne
Bolyen
• Became queen in 1558 upon the
death of ‘bloody Mary’
• Elizabeth wanted Peace in England,
chose NOT to persecute Catholics in
revenge
• Elizabeth was known as “The Good
Queen”, “The Virgin Queen”, and
ruled England during its Golden Age
• Shakespeare and exploration of the
New World began during her reign
• Under her, England became the most
powerful empire in the world
• Elizabeth never married and had no
children, died in 1603
• James I, cousin of Queen
Elizabeth, became King of
England in 1603
• James’ mother was Mary,
Queen of Scots, (not the
same as Bloody Mary) and
they were Protestants
• His reign was marked by
conflict with Parliament
and social unrest
• He died in 1625, and his
son, Charles I, became King
• Charles I, became King of England in
1625
• Charles was Protestant, but married a
Catholic, which increased religious
tensions in England
• He began persecution of Puritans (these
were Protestants who wanted to
separate from the Church of England)
• During the first years of his reign,
Parliament issued the Petition of Right,
following an on-going power struggle
between the two
• At the end of his reign, England entered
a civil war and he was executed in 1647
• Puritan leader, Oliver Cromwell, was
named Lord and Protector of England in
1651
• Oliver Cromwell, reigned as Lord
and Protector (essentially a
dictator) from 1653-1658
• One of the most controversial
figures in British history
• Considered a regicidal dictator
by some
• Others consider him a great
liberator
• He was super religious, a devout
Puritan, convinced that God was
guiding his actions
• He brutally persecuted and
murdered Catholics in Ireland and
Scotland
• He had been buried in
Westminster Abbey, but after the
Royalists returned to power, they
had his corpse dug up, hung in
chains, and beheaded.
• Charles II, son of Charles I, had
been in exile since 1651 as he
knew Oliver Cromwell would kill
him
• Upon Cromwell’s death, Charles
returned to the throne in 1658 and
the monarchy was restored
• He had serious conflicts with
Parliament and dissolved them in
1681 (told them they could no
longer meet or make laws)
• He ruled alone, with no
Parliament, until his death in 1685
• He converted to Catholicism on his
deathbed
• James II, Catholic brother of
Charles II, became king upon
his brother’s death in 1685
• James wanted absolute
power and ignored
Parliamentary rules
• He tried to pack Parliament
with Catholics
• When he couldn’t, he
appointed them to the
highest offices in England
• Protestants feared that
James would begin
persecuting them again
• They felt threatened and
began plotting to overthrow
him
•William, Prince of Orange was a Protestant
•He was not a blood relative of James II
•He’d fought many wars against the powerful
Catholic French King, Louis XIV
•He was viewed as a champion by
Protestants who feared a Catholic
domination under James II
•Mary, eldest, Protestant daughter of
James II and his first wife, Anne Hyde
•Her uncle was Charles II
• Her father converted to Catholicism in
1669, but she and her sister remained
Protestant
•Her cousin was William of Orange
•To appease Protestants in England, her
father, James II, betrothed her to William
of Orange
•They were married in 1677
•James II tried to establish
Freedom of Religion to nonAnglicans (Catholics) by
suspending acts of Parliament
•Parliament and Protestants
wanted him Out
•In 1688, Parliament secretly
requested that William of
Orange return to England to
remove James II
•In exchange, Parliament would
name him, and his wife, King
and Queen
•William and Mary ruled England
from 1688 till 1694
•In 1689, Parliament issued the
English Bill of Rights
•England had removed a bad
monarch in a bloodless revolution
and further limited the power of the
monarchy in writing