Transcript World War I - Los Gatos High School

World
War I
World War I – Causes
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
A. Militarism
 Increased
the size and strength of
military.
Naval rivalry between Germany and
Britain
 Conscription- mandatory military
service extended (France…)
 Russia’s military spending was doubled

B. Alliances
Alliance – Two or more countries agree to
come to each others aid in time of war.
Before the war secret alliances were formed
Triple Alliance – 1882
 Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany
Triple Entente – 1894
 France, Russia, Britain
 Difficult
to solve problems peacefully
 War spread quickly
Alliance System After the War Started
Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire,
Bulgaria
Allied Powers
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Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, U.S.,
Japan
Europe 1914
Alliances
C. Imperialism

Competing for colonial territories caused conflict
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Germany and France over Morocco
Germany and Britain over East Africa
Russia and Japan in Manchuria
France and Italy in Tunisia, Libya, Algeria
Britain and France in the Sudan
Berlin Conference 1884-85 - divided Africa
D. Nationalism
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French Nationalists
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Russian Nationalists
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Regain territory of Alsace-Lorraine
Unite all Slav nations in Eastern Europe
Serbian Nationalists

“Greater Serbia” – unite Southern Slavs
Conflicts on the Rise
 Ottoman
Empire on decline
 New countries break away from Ottomans
(Bulgaria, Greece Montenegro, Romania
and Serbia)
 Russia and Austria competing over
territory lost by Ottoman Empire
 Austria wants Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serbian Nationalists object
World War One
Lecture Part II
Fronts of the War

Western Front
Germany, France, Britain , and Belgium 475 miles
Schlieffen Plan - German plan to attack France first
and then attack Russia
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Eastern Front - Russia v. Germany and Austria (Baltic
Sea to Black Sea)
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
Tannenburg
The Balkan Front -Ottoman Empire vs. British and
Russian

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1st Battle of the Marne
Battle of Verdun
Battle of the Somme
2nd Battle of the Marne – US involved
Gallipoli
Italian Front- Italy and Austria- Hungary
Europe 1916
Alliances – Fronts
Modern Weapons of the War
IR = invention of new modern weapons
 Tanks
 Machine
Guns
 Flame Throwers
 Airplanes
 Poison gas - chlorine gas (75 different types)
 Zeppelins
 Submarines
The Trench War
The Conditions:
 Soldiers died of diseases
 Over the top meant to charge into no mans
land the area between the trenches with
barbed wire and land mines.
 Resulted in long war, casualties were high,
no war heroes
Homefront
 Total War
 All resources spent on war
 Gov took control of econ. & told factories how
much what to produce
 Everyone worked to support soldiers
 Rationing
 Women
worked in industrial sector
 The Lost Generation- American
expatriates after the war
United States Enters the War

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.
Sink without warning any ship near Britain
German Naval Blockade 1917
Lusitania -128 Americans May 1915
 Zimmermann Note
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British intercepted a message from Germany to Mexico
asking for support in return for American territory
Strong economic ties with France and Britain
(trade)
 U.S. Declares war April 1917
WWI Lecture
Part III
Outcomes
 Russia
pulled out of the war because of a civil
war – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 Armistice November 11, 1918 (11-11-11)
 8.5 million deaths, $338 billion spent
 Allies created the Treaty of Versailles
 Territorial changes in China, Middle East,
Europe and N Africa
Treaty of Versailles
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Peace treaty between Germany and the Allies
after the war
 The Big Four
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Wilson – US
Clemenceau – France
Lloyd George – England
Italy – Vittorio Orlando
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No defeated powers
 League of Nations
 Mandate System for colonies

Territories administered by the League of Nations,
Allied countries would govern mandates
Wilson's Fourteen Points

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposed a peace
plan called “The Fourteen Points”
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End to secret treaties (Alliances)
Freedom of the seas (Militarism)
Free trade (Nationalism, Alliances…)
Arms reductions (Militarism)
Self-determination /mandates (Nationalism, Imperialism)
Fair treatment of Colonial people (Imperialism)
League of Nations
The United States Congress did not sign the final
treaty
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Treaty of Versailles Provisions
German Punishment
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Blamed for the war
Forced to pay reparations (damages) of 33 billion
France gained mining rights in the Saar Basin
Limited military & naval fleet turned over to the allies
Military occupation Rhineland demilitarized and
occupied for 15 years
Lost territory to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania and
France (Alsace-Lorraine)
Lost colonies in Africa (Cameroon, German S.W.
Africa, Zanzibar, Togoland German East Africa) and the
Pacific (New Guinea, Samoa, Mariana islands)
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Ottoman Empire lost territory
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Palestine, Iraq and Transjordan - British Mandate
 Syria and Lebanon -French Mandate
Russia Lost Territory
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Romania, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
League of Nations
One of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Police the nations of the world
Prevent future wars by settling disputes through
diplomacy
 US did not join the League of Nations
 Had little/no power to enforce decisions
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Did not punish offending nations with military action
Member could drop out at will
Predecessor of The United Nations
Journal: Treaty of Versailles
 What
problems might the Treaty of
Versailles cause after WWI?
 Think about the Germany economy and
the Mandate System