Transcript Strengthening the Monarchy

Chapter 13 iii
Strengthening the
Monarchy
Between 1337 and 1453, England
and France fought a series of wars
called the Hundred
Years’ War. It
began when Edward
III of England laid
claim to the
French crown.
Henry V of England took Crecy and
won at Agincourt in 1346 with the
new terror weapon, the longbow!
Oh, yeah,
and the
cannon
thingie.
Henry VI lost much of this land due
to the unexpected influence of the
heavy plow in England. (story time)
Mr. Baker
You
With the
plow, people
had more
free time,
and...
The French were demoralized and
beaten, but a young woman named
Joan of Arc helped
France’s Charles
VII turn the war
around in 1429.
She believed that
she was chosen by
God.
She told the king that God spoke to
her and called upon her to save
France. With Charles’ support, she
inspired victory at the siege of
Orleans.
One of the
mostest kick
buttest movies
ever!!
Joan of Arc
met with
unexpected
resistance,
though (movie
to soon
follow.)
At the end of the
campaign
inspired by Joan,
only the port city
of Calais was
still held by the
English.
Effects of the 100 Years’ War:
1. French unity to repel the English.
2. Social conflict in England.
Nobles bitter over lost land.
3. Helped end feudalism.
4. Formation of national armies.
5. New styles of warfare (castles
and knights out, infantry in.)
But maintaining these new,
professional, standing armies was
expensive! The kings turned to the
new middle classes for tax revenue.
He’s
hot!!
That
darn king!
In France, Louis XI, son of Charles
VII, strengthened the bureaucracy,
kept the nobles under court control,
and promoted trade and agriculture.
More
central
authority!
His primary goal was to unify
France into one cooperative country.
(Other countries still not united:
Germany, Italy, Russia)
I’m a unificator,
not a divider-upper!
Although war isn’t “good” for
anyone, the Hundred Years’ War
allowed accelerated
social and political
development in
Western Europe.
England’s Royal authority eroded
during the 100 Years’ War and a
struggle over control of the crown
between nobles led to the War of the
Roses.
This ended with a victory by Henry
Tudor (Henry VII) as the first Tudor
king of England. He killed all
challengers, avoided
foreign wars, and
strengthened the
monarchy.
Henry VII (Henry Tudor) was one
of the reasons that England became
stronger than other
parts of the world.
I kill because
I care.
Spain regained control of their
country by fighting the reconquista
(reconquest) and expelling all
Muslims.
All Muslims
OUT!!
This reconquista was ruthlessly
efficient. It led to the Spanish
Inquisition in which Jews and
Moors (African Muslims) could
convert to
Christianity
or be killed.
Many were tortured,
excommunicated, and killed to
create an atmosphere of fear (almost
like Stalin did.)
Things to do:
•Kill
•Torture
•excommunicate
Could anyone have expected this
from the Inquisition?
In 1469, Ferdinand of Aragon and
Isabella of Castile were married to
unify the nobles of Spain under one
crown.
We’ll rule
the world!
The Holy Roman Empire
encompassed the areas of Germany,
Spain, Poland, Hungary, and small
parts of other countries.
Maximilian I founded the Hapsburg
Dynasty of HRE’s. Choosing a
HRE was now about who you were
related to.
No honey,
it’s Kelly’s
turn to be
HRE.
Catholic armies fought against
Mongols and Turks in Hungary,
Teutonic Knights in Poland, and the
Ottoman Empire.