Transcript The History od Great Britain till 1603 - Kmlinux

The History of Great Britain
till 1603
Dominika Rajdlová
2/3/2016
FJFI ČVUT
Prehistory
 10 000 BC
- end of last Ice Age - Rising sea-levels separated Ireland and
Britain and cut them off from the continent
 4 000 BC
- beginning of cultivating crops and rear animals
 2 500 BC
- the Bronze Age – invention of bronze – an alloy consisting of
copper and tin
- Stonehenge
 780 BC
agriculture
- the Iron Age – better tools made from iron appear in
 500 BC
- Celtic tribe Britons coming to England – Romans called the
land “Britannia” after them
 100 BC
- settlements know as “oppida”, iron currency
Roman Britain
 55 BC
- the first attempt to conquer Britain led by G. J. Caesar
 43 AD
- Emperor Claudius conquered Britain
 120 AD
- Hadrian Wall built
 5th century
- Romans leaving Britain
The Anglo-Saxon invasion
 5th century - Germanic tribes Angles, Saxons and Jutes were invited by
Romans to help defeat Picts and Scots
 6th century
- Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England – saint Augustin
- King Arthur
 7th century
- Heptarchy – 7 kingdoms
 9th century
- wars for supremacy
- Egbert and Wessex – Beginning of unification of
Anglo-Saxons tribes
The Vikings challenge
 793 AD
- first Scandinavian attack at Lindisfarne monastery
 871 – 899 AD - Alfred the Great – defending his kingdom against the Vikings
 1016-1035 AD
- Knut the Great - king of Norway, Denmark and England
-> Imperium Maris Nordici
 1035 – 1066 AD
- Edward the Confessor – London became the capital city

Westminster Abby was built
 1066 AD
– A conflict between Harold Godwinson, Harald III. of Norway
and William of Normandy
Norman England
 1066 AD
- the Battle of Hastings
 1066-1087 AD
- William the Conqueror
- the Domesday book – a survey listing all the landholders
in England along with their holdings
Successors:
William II. (gets England), Robert (gets Normandy), Henry II. (gets money)
The Plantagenets
the Hundred Years War (1337 – 1453)

1154-1189 AD
- Henry II. – Angevin Empire – Ireland, Scotland, Wales and parts of France

1189-1199 AD – Richard the Lion Heart (also known as “The absent king”)
– the Third Crusade against Saladin

1199-1216 AD
- John Lackland – era of Robin Hood

12.6.1215 AD
- Magna Carta signed

1216-1272 AD
- Henry III. – forced to call the first Parliament

1272-1307 AD
- Edward I. “the hammer for Scots” – era of William Wallace – gain Scotland

1307-1327 AD
- Edward II. – “Disaster,” gay king – lost Scotland

1327-1377 AD
- Edward III. – Restores kings power, starts the Hundred Years’ War

1349 AD

1377-1399 AD
- Richard II.

1399-1413 AD
- Henry IV.
– Black Death / Plague – 1/3 of population in England dies
The houses of Lancaster
15th century
the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
 1413-1422 AD
- Henry V. – renews hostilities with France – new phase of
the Hundred Years War
The houses of Tudor
 1422-1461 AD
- Henry VI. – tries to set peace, marries French noble
woman – Margaret from Anjou
– era of Jane of Ark -> England lost the war
The houses of York
-> Henry falls into period of mental breakdown
 1455-1485 AD
- the Wars of Roses – were a series of
dynastic wars for the throne of England.
- Yorkist king, Richard III. is defeated by Lancastrian Henry Tudor
- Henry Tudor marries Elizabeth of York -> uniting the two claims
16th century
Tudor England

1457-1509 AD - Henry VII. Tudor

1509-1547 AD - Henry VIII. – married six times
+ Catharine of Aragorn -> only survived child Mary
- 1534 AD – Church of England
+ Anne Boleyn -> Elizabeth
+ Jane Seymour -> Edward
+ Anne of Cleves, + Catharine Howard, +Catharine Parr

1537-1553 AD - Edward VI.- dies when he’s 16 – leaving the heritage of crown to Jane Grey

1553-1558 AD - Mary I – called “Bloody Mary” – devoted Catholic
– let persecuted almost 300 Protestants

1559-1603 AD - Elizabeth I. – “the virgin queen”

1588 AD
- Spanish Armada defeated
- “Golden Age”

1603 AD
- Elizabeth dies without a child, end of the era of Tudor
Resources
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.dejepis.com
 www.dejinyvkostce.estranky.cz
Quiz
 1) How did Britain separated from the continent?
 2) What purpose had the Hadrian‘s wall?
 3) Who was fighting Richard the Lion Heart in the third crusade against?
 4) Who was forced to sign Magna Carta?
 5) How many times was Henry VIII. married?
 6) Why was Mary I. called „Bloody“?
 7) Who was the mother of Elizabeth I.?
Thank you for paying attention! ;)