Transcript Chapter 14 Section 5

Chapter 14
Section 5
Wars and the
Growth of Nations
Review
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What grew larger along with the revival of
trade in the Middle Ages
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What helped the Black Death spread quickly
around the world?
the decline in trade in medieval times was
caused by the _______ system
 Under what system do workers made a part
of a product in their homes?
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The Hundred Years War
(1337-1453)
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In the early 1300’s English King Edward III held land
in France, making his a vassal of the French king
In 1328, with the death of the last male member of
the royal family died, Edward III claimed the French
throne
The French assembly chose Philip VI, the Count of
Flanders, as king instead
In 1337 Edward III brought an army to Flanders
Thus the Hundred Years War began
It was 116 years of raids and battles. Although
England won many battles, ultimately they lost the
war.
By 1453 France had regained almost all of Englands
French lands
Edward III & Philip VI
Continued….
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New weapons emerged in the HYW such as
longbows, which allowed arrows to be shot
accurately at 200yds. away. Gunpowder and
cannons made castles vulnerable to warfare.
They no longer provided protection for the
lords that inhabited them
{During the HYW both the French and English
monarchies became weaker}
 {Parliament, particularly the House of
Commons gained more power over the king
making them closer in power to the House of
Lords}
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This is a cannon
This is a dork with a longbow
The War of the Roses
Shortly after the Hundred Years War ended the war
for England’s throne began
 In 1455 the York and Lancaster families {started the
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War of the Roses to determine who the ruler of
England would be}
The white rose was the badge of York and the red
rose was used by the House of Lancaster
 In 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won
the war
 Henry married a daughter from the House of York,
and as Henry VII he set up a strong monarchy in
England once again
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Henry Tudor
as Henry VII.
Note the red
rose in his
right hand
France after the Hundred Years
War
During the war France suffered more than
England because it was fought on French soil
 During the war a fight for power broke out
within the royal family. Preventing France to
unite against the English
 Finally, with the help of Joan of Arc, Charles
VII was crowned the king of France. The
people backed their king and were able to drive
out the English
 At the time of the HYW the French Estates
General controlled finances and passed laws
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Joan of Arc claimed to have
visions from God that told
her to fight the English in
the Hundred Years War. She
was sent in for a relief
mission to the siege at
Orleans, she was able to lift
the siege after only nine
days. She was a heroine of
her country at the young
age of 17. While still
battling she fell prisoner to
the English and was burned
at the stake a heretic at the
age of 19. She was later
declared a martyr and a
saint by the Catholic church
Continued….
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In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king of
France
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{Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and
the Estates General lost some of its power}
He set up a harsh but efficient government.
 Under Louis France became a united country
 As in England feudal lords lost much power to their
king
 But unlike England, French peasants gained little
freedom, still owing services to the manor and its lord
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Spain
Spain became a united nation in 1479 under
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.
 In 1492 they captured the city of Granada, the
last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) in Spain
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{They were devout Catholics and ordered all
non-Christians out of Spain or to convert}
Most Jews and Muslims left the country
 As a result, Spain lost most of its leaders in
industry and trade
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Ferdinand and Isabella
The Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, now Germany and Italy,
remained divided into states ruled by princes and
knights. Therefore, the emperors lacked the power to
exercise complete control
 In 1273 a member of the Habsburg family became
emperor. They ruled a small state in present day
Switzerland. They were weak and owned little land
 But they use the title of emperor to strategically
arrange marriages with powerful families. Slowly they
began to increase their lands
 Habsburg emperor Maximilian I gained the
Netherlands, Luxembourg and Burgundy.
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Continued….
Emperor Maximilian I’s son, Philip followed suit by
marring into the Spanish royal family gaining lands in
Spain and Italy
 Over time the Habsburgs became the most powerful
family in Europe
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{The Habsburg family could not, however, unite the
Holy Roman Empire or the German states within it}
German states were ruled by princes who refused to
surrender power to the emperor
 Nor could Italy be united because of the Papal States
which were ruled by the pope
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Review
What happened During the HYW to both the
French and English monarchies?
 Parliament, particularly the House of Commons,
gained more power over the king making them
closer in power to the House of _____
 Louis made the French monarchy even stronger
and the who lost some of its power?
 The Habsburg family could not, however, unite
who or the German states within it?
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Hey, how about
some pictures of
this guy who calls
himself Sir Richard
Calle a Tudor
knight (unless he is
being Sir Richard
Calle’s assistant
Robert Jackson,
you think I’m
joking don’t you)