Transcript Wars and the Growth of Nations

Wars and the
Growth of Nations
England France Spain
The Holy Roman Empire
England
O King Edward III held land in France he was a
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vassal to the French King.
This is the beginning of the Hundred Years’
War.
The last member of the Capetian dynasty
died. Edward III makes his claim to the
French’s throne.
The French assembly chose Philip VI as king.
Edward then marches on Flanders.
Effects of the Hundred Years’
War
O Make a chart to lists the effects of the war
on England and France:
O England:
Lost all its French land except Calais; knightly
warfare was weakened by the use of
longbows, cannons, and gunpowder;
Parliament gained more power over the kings.
France
O Effects on France:
O English soldiers robbed the French people
and destroyed their property; the French
starved even during peacetime; the French
king became more powerful.
After the Hundred Years’ War
War of the Roses
O After the end of the Hundred Years’ War, a
war for England’s throne broke out between
the House of York and Lancaster.
O House of York is the white rose.
O House of Lancaster is the red rose.
O Henry Tudor of the house of Lancaster wins
the war by defeating King Richard III of York.
He marries a daughter from the house of
York and sets up a strong monarchy in
England.
France
O Fight for the French throne between the House
of Burgundy and the House of Orleans.
O House of Burgundy sides with England, and Joan
of Arc aides Charles VII of Orleans and drives the
English out and he is crowned king of France.
Joan of Arc becomes a Symbol of French
patriotism.
O King Charles VII sets up the Estates General the
first estate clergy, second estate nobles, third
estate common people.
France
O King Louis XI comes to power and makes
the French monarchy even stronger.
O He sets up a harsh, but efficient government
with high taxes.
O He seizes the Burgundy lands through
diplomacy, scheming, and unites France as
one country.
Spain
O Spain becomes a united nation under
Ferdinand and Isabella.
O They take away the powers of the church
courts and the nobles.
O They order all Jews to become Christians or
leave Spain and later after defeating the
Moors they give them the same choice.
O Long term effects were that many leaders in
industry and trade left Spain.
The Holy Roman Empire
O In the beginning days the Pope and the rulers of
the German states elected the Holy Roman
Emperor, but over time the number who could
vote decreased.
O A decree by Emperor Charles IV ruled that only
seven electors, three archbishops and four
German princes would choose the emperor. This
removed the Pope from the process.
O He hoped to rebuild his own power, but due to
the separation between the German states he
never gained real power, but it led to much
bribery and political favors.
The Habsburg Family
O They worked their way through marriages
and conquests to gradually win land and
power.
O Maximilian I marriage brought the
Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Burgundy
under Habsburg control.
O His son Philip brought in Spain and Italy and
overtime became the most powerful ruling
family in Europe, but could never unite all
the individual German states.