Transcript Cell Organelles

Warm-Up
8/11/2014
List everything you
would expect to see
on a dairy farm?
Cell Dairy Farm
1. Pens and corrals
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of
interconnecting flattened tunnels which are
attached to the outer membrane of the
nucleus. The ER is the transport network for
molecules targeted for certain modifications
and specific final destinations.
2. Farm Gates
• The cell membrane is found
directly inside the cell wall in
plants. It allows things to pass into
and out of the cell. Materials like
food and oxygen are kept inside the
cell. Waste products and excess
water are allowed to leave. In that
way the cell can maintain correct
conditions inside the cell regardless
what the conditions may be outside
the cell. This is known as a process
called homeostasis.
3. Outer Fence
• In a plant cell the cell wall is
found outside the cell membrane.
In an animal cell, the cell
membrane forms the outer
covering of the cell.
• The cell wall is made of a tough
material called cellulose and acts
like a fence, keeping the cell safe
from the environment. It forms a
barrier between the living
material inside the cell and the
environment outside.
• The cell wall also provides
support for the cell. Animal cells,
unlike plant cells, do not have a
rigid cell wall.
4. Dairy Cows:
• Ribosome
– The ribosomes are found on the
endoplasmic reticulum and floating
in the cytoplasm. The ribosome is the
protein factory of our cells. Without
protein we wouldn't have cell
membranes, enzymes, or substance
in our bones, but the real
construction site of the cell creates
the ribosomes!
Protein
5. Dairy Products Processing Plant:
• Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi apparatus is a bit like a factory’s
customization shop, where the finishing
touches are put on products before they
are ready to leave and “shipped” to their
final destination. The Golgi apparatus
attaches carbohydrates and lipids to them.
6. Solar Energy Panels
• Chloroplasts, found only in plant cells, are
green because they contain chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is what captures the energy of the
sun, which can then be used to help produce
food for the plant cell in the process of
photosynthesis.
7. Farm Office:
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, acting
like the "brain." The nucleus is the largest
organelle in a cell and can usually be seen using
a light microscope. The nucleus contains the
DNA of the cell - the genetic code which allows
the cell to reproduce and which allows it to
make all the proteins it needs to carry out the
normal business of living.
8. Farm Records:
• Nucleolus
• Dense place inside the nucleus where the DNA
is stored
Farm
Records
9. Fence Around Farm Office:
• Nuclear Envelope
10. Dairy Manure Digester:
• Mitochondria
• The mitochondria are often called the
'power stations' of the cell. The reactions
involved are very complex but, put very
simply, the mitochondria burn food
molecules to release energy. This energy is
used by cells to do work. This work may be
building new molecules which have a
particular function in the body, or it may
be to produce movement (muscle cells, for
example).
•
They collect the methane given off by
fermenting cow manure and use it to
generate electricity. The procedure is
relatively simple: manure is stored in
huge tanks — anaerobic digesters —
which are deprived of oxygen and kept
at temperatures of 100°F. The
conditions are designed to let
anaerobic bacteria thrive and do the
work of breaking the manure down.
The large volume of "biogas" released
— which contains about 90% methane
— is piped to an engine which burns
the gas and uses the heat energy to
generate electricity. The leftover
manure is compressed; fluid is drained
away and used as fertilizer; and the
solids are dried out and used as
bedding for the herd and compost.
11. Tractor:
• Lysosomes are small organelles filled with
enzymes. Lysosomes also help break down
organelles that outlived their usefulness.
Lysosomes perform the vital function of
removing debris that might otherwise
accumulate and clutter up the cell.
12. Silo and Water Trough:
• Vacuoles are used to transport and
store nutrients, waste products and
other molecules. The presence of a
vacuole enables plant cells to grow larger
than animal cells - the expansion of a
fluid filled space is a lot less costly in
terms of energy expenditure than
expansion of a cell full of organellecontaining cytoplasm. Vacuoles are also
used for storage of substances which the
plant needs, but which may be toxic to
the rest of the cell.
13. Pasture and Open Space
• The cytoplasm consists of all of the contents
outside of the nucleus and enclosed within
the cell membrane of a cell.