Transcript organic manure an overview

Organic Manure : An Overview
Rahul Kumar and Shweta
Vermiculture Research Station,
Department of Zoology
D.S. College (Dr. B.R.A. University) ,
Aligarh – 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Organic Manure
Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from the
controlled biological decomposition of organic matter.
Manure can be prepared from :
 yard trimmings
 biosolids (sewage sludge)
 wood by-products
 animals manures
 crop residues
 biodegradable packing
 food scraps
Characteristics of Organic Matter
Organic matter is the key
constitute of cultivated soils.
It has profound influence on the
physico-chemical and biological
characteristics of soil.
Chemical Composition of Organic
Matter
1. Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemi-cellulose, pectins, gums,
mucilages, etc.)
2. Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc.
3. Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.
4. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.
5. Lignins
6. Compounds containing ring structure (phenol, tennis,
hydrocarbon)
7. Alkaloids and compounds with organic base- pyrimidine and
purines
8. Miscellaneous substances like antibiotics, auxins, vitamins,
enzymes and pigments
Nutritive Elements in different
Organic Matters
Nutritive elements(%)
Organic
matter
N
P
K
Cow dung manure
2.5
0.2
0.5
Compost urban
1.8
1.0
1.4
Compost rural
0.5
0.15
0.5
Night soil
5.5
4.0
2.0
Groundnut cake
7.3
2.5
2.0
Castor cake
4.3
2.4
2.3
Neem cake
5.2
1.0
1.8
sludge
3.5
4.0
0.6
Major sources of organic
matter
There are mainly three types of Organic Matter
Livestock and
human waste
By product of agrowaste industries
Farmyard manure
Industrial waste
material
Poultry manure
Sugar factory waste
Oil cake and bio gas
slurry
Plants waste
Crop residue
Tree residue and
aquatic weeds
Urban and rural
waste
Sewage sludge
Conversion of organic matter into organic
manure
Organic matter
Through biological
oxidation organic matter
convert into manure
which may be two type
by their origin
Biological oxidation
Organic manure
Animal manure
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Green manure
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Animal manure
A.Farm yard manure
(FYM)
B.Farm slurry
Manure formed of cattle
excreta mixed with straw, used
as a fertilizer
Liquid manure
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or
(Agricultural manure
in liquid form known
as slurry
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A. Farm Yard Manure
Farm Yard Manure can be
prepared by :
Cow dung,
Cow urine,
Waste straw and
Dairy waste etc.
Cow dung Manure
This is a type of Farm Yard Manure
Cow manure is rich in humus,
the bulky, fibrous material that
comes from undigested plant
matter.
Cow manure is composted by
putting it into a bin or pile and
letting it sit
It contains about 3 percent
nitrogen, 2 percent
phosphorous, and 1 percent
potassium
Method of preparation of FYM
Dug the pit (4×6×10) near
cattle shed above the level of
soil.
Spread the excavated soil on
the surface.
Fill the pit with grass and other
material of cake shed and soil
upto 10-15cm.
Spread cow dung manure up
to 15-20 cm leave it for one to
two month.
Nutritional Profile of FYM
(%)
Elements
Value (%)
Nitrogen
0.5
Phosphorus
0.25
Potassium
0.40
Calcium
0.08
Sulfur
0.02
Zinc
0.004
Copper
0.0003
Manganese
0.007
iron
0.45
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B. Farm Slurry
A mixture of water and animal
waste used as fertilizer.
Farm slurry is produced at dairy
farm at larger scale in rainy
season.
It is highly nutritive for the plants.
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2. Green Manures
 Green manure is a type of cover crop
grown primarily to add nutrients and
organic matter to the soil.
 They are grown for the purpose of
plowing them, thus increasing fertility
through the incorporation of nutrients
and organic matter into the soil.
Benefits of Green Manure Crops
Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to
farm nitrogen needs.
It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing nutrition
for the soil organism.
It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure.
Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive grain crops,
thus protecting the soil against wind and water erosion.
Green manure crops reduce soil compaction.
Green manure crops provides a habitat for pollinators and other
beneficial insects.
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