Transcript organic manure an overview

Organic Manure : An Overview
Organic Manure : An Overview
Introduction
Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from
the controlled biological decomposition of organic
matter.
Manure can be prepared from :
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yard trimmings
bio-solids (sewage sludge)
wood by-products
animals manures
crop residues
biodegradable packing
food scraps
Organic Manure : An Overview
Characteristics of Organic Matter
Organic matter is the key constituent of
cultivated soils.
It has profound influence on the
physico-chemical
characteristics of soil.
and
biological
Organic Manure : An Overview
Chemical Composition of Organic Matter
Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemicellulose, pectins gums, mucilages,
etc.)
Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc.
Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.
Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.
Lignins
Compounds
containing
ring
structure
(phenol,
tennis,
hydrocarbon)
Alkaloids and compounds with
organic base- pyrimidine and
purines
Miscellaneous
substances
like
antibiotics, auxins, vitamins, enzymes
and pigments
Organic Manure : An Overview
Nutritive Elements in different Organic Matters
Organic matter
Nutritive elements(%)
N
P
K
Cow dung manure
2.5
0.2
0.5
Compost urban
1.8
1.0
1.4
Compost rural
0.5
0.15
0.5
Night soil
5.5
4.0
2.0
Groundnut cake
7.3
2.5
2.0
Castor cake
4.3
2.4
2.3
Neem cake
5.2
1.0
1.8
sludge
3.5
4.0
0.6
Organic Manure : An Overview
Major sources of organic matter
There are mainly three types of Organic Matter
1. Livestock and
human waste
2. Farmyard
manure
3. Poultry manure
1. Byproduct of
agro -waste
industries
2. Industrial waste
material
3. Sugar factory
waste
4. Oil cake and bio
gas slurry
1. Plants waste
2. Crop residue
3. Tree residue
and aquatic
weeds
4. Urban and rural
waste
5. Sewage sludge
Organic Manure : An Overview
Conversion of organic matter into organic manure
Organic matter
Biological oxidation
Organic manure
Through biological
oxidation organic matter
convert into manure
which may be two type
by their origin
Animal manure
Green manure
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Animal manure
Farm yard manure (FYM)
Farm slurry or Liquid manure
Manure formed of cattle
excreta
mixed
with
straw,
used
as
a
fertilizer
(Agricultural manure in liquid
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form known as slurry
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Organic Manure : An Overview
A. Farm Yard Manure
Farm Yard Manure can be
prepared by :
 Cow dung,
 Cow urine,
 Waste straw and
 Dairy waste, etc.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Cow dung Manure
This is a type of Farm Yard Manure
Cow manure is rich in humus, the
bulky and fibrous material that
comes from undigested plant
matter.
Cow manure is composted by
putting it into a bin or pile and
letting it decompose
It contains about 3 percent
nitrogen, 2 percent phosphorous,
and 1 percent potassium
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Method of preparation of FYM
Dig a pit (4×6×10) near cattle shed
above the level of soil.
Spread the excavated soil on the
surface.
Fill the pit with grass and other
material of cake shed and soil upto
10-15cm.
Spread cow dung manure up to
15-20 cm leave it for one to two
month.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Nutrient concentration in FYM
Elements
Value (%)
Nitrogen
0.5
Phosphorus
0.25
Potassium
0.40
Calcium
0.08
Sulfur
0.02
Zinc
0.004
Copper
0.0003
Manganese
0.007
iron
0.45
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Organic Manure : An Overview
B. Farm Slurry
A mixture of water and animal
waste used as fertilizer.
Farm slurry is produced at dairy
farm at larger scale in rainy
season.
It is highly nutritive for the plants.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
2. Green Manures
Green manure is a type of cover crop
grown primarily to add nutrients and
organic matter to the soil.
They are grown for the purpose of
plowing them, thus increasing fertility
through the incorporation of nutrients
and organic matter into the soil.
Organic Manure : An Overview
Benefits of Green Manure Crops
Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to
farm nitrogen needs.
It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing
nutrition for the soil organism.
It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure.
Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive
grain crops, thus protecting the soil against wind and water
erosion.
Green manure crops reduce soil compaction.
Green manure crops provide a habitat for
pollinators and other beneficial insects.
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