Transcript World War Two

Declarations of War:
Follow this carefully
Austria
Serbia
Russia
Germany
Britain
France
Turkey
German Anger at Versailles/Weimar
Article 231-War Guilt: Being
blamed And Having to Pay…
Article 232-Reparations-$269
billion Marks = $70 billion dollars.
Total US Government Budget in
1919: $5 billion
Freikorps  Right wing
unemployed soldiers attacked
Weimar government in Berlin
Weimar fails to purge right wing
judges
Political assassination of Left
wing leaders & Jews
(i.e. Walter Rathenau )
Hitler: The Early Years
Wounded in WW1 by a Mustard
Gas attack, he is shocked to learn
of Germany’s surrender
Blames Jews & Commies for loss
Joins DAP debate club turns it
into National Socialist German
Workers Party: NAZIS
Tries (w/ Ludendorff) to overthrow
Weimar in Beerhall Putch. His
trial makes him a political
celebrity
Gets 5 years for Treason and
writes Mien Kampf (My Struggle)
in Prison
Freedom & Bread!
You Damn HippieCommie B@S***DS
Reparations & Hyperinflation
French troops occupy the Ruhr
(Germany’s Industrial Center)
and demand reparations
payments
This crisis leads the Weimar
Government to print excessive
amounts of money
The German Mark quickly
becomes worthless wiping out
the savings of millions of
middle class Germans (if you
owed money you made out big
time!)
Effects of World War One
(the opening act)
Competing empires nations blundered into the
war over nationalism, secret alliances, land,
colonies and resources
Technology created a horrible new type of war:
machine guns, poison gas & trench warfare
The world economy was shattered for years
Human casualties were worse: 10 million dead;
20 million wounded
The governments tried to claim that they were
fighting for democracy, but many did not believe
it
The horror and disillusionment from World War
One created a cynical, hedonistic (pleasure
seeking) “Lost Generation” of survivors that had
been psychologically traumatized by the war
The Gender Crisis: What does it mean to
be a 20th century woman?
What would happen to
traditional society if
women got the vote (and
became full citizens) and
went to work?
A crisis in gender roles
indicates a society in
trouble
Weimar Politics & Parties
I’m still viewed as a
racist fringe party
crackpot. But my
day is coming!
All I need is a
lucky break.
The key parties of the
Weimar Government:
SPD-Social Democratic
Party, a left wing workers
party
Catholic Center Party, a
moderate middle class
religion based party
The two parties fought
over values and ideas and
quickly lost majority
support
Hitler’s Lucky Break: The Great
Depression (Brother Can You Spare
A Billion?)
Wall Street Crash of 1929 effects
the entire world
US bankers desperate for cash
demand that the loans to Germany
have to be paid
SPD/Center Parties don’t want to
cut the budget-it would hurt
workers and middle class
Germany’s government &
Hindenburg relies more and more
Article 48 emergency decrees
The NAZI WAY Part 1: Propaganda
Nazi Ministry of Public
Enlightenment and
Propaganda controlled all
media led by Josef Goebbels
We demand a unified and
racially pure future for
Germany. We want to create a
perfect race of humans. Pay
no attention to my club
foot!
Nazi’s used endless
campaigning, ideological
indoctrination (education,
youth organizations), mass
meetings, visual aids, mass
pageants, radio, and film
Constant scapegoating of
the Jews
The NAZI WAY Part 2: Terror &
Force
We are manly
Anyone within the
Nazi party who was
not thought to be
totally loyal was
eliminated
People who opposed
the Nazis were often
physically attacked
ruffians &
bullies
The July 1932 Reichstag Elections
6 Million+ Germans
Unemployed
Germans fed up with
Bruening & Weimar
62 emergency decrees in
1 year
Hitler makes a strong
showing in loss to
Hindenburg
I rule by
Article 48
emergency
decree and I
really love
weird hats!
I’m glad you
didn’t wear a
hat for this
picture.
My mustache
is much
bigger than
yours!
The Nazi’s & Totalitarian Rule
Hitler is named chancellor by
Hindenburg in an attempt to
control him
Hindenburg despises the “little
bohemian corporal” but Hitler
cleverly places only 2 Nazi’s
(Frick & Goering) in cabinet
positions with control over the
police units
The Burning of the Reichstag
Hitler uses the Reichstag
fire (accusing the commies
of starting it) to declare a
national emergency and
suspend freedom of
speech, press & assembly
The decree also suspended
rights to speedy trial, legal
counsel and redress for
false arrest
Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany
Enabling Laws give Hitler
even more control
Hindenburg dies in 1934 &
Hitler is dictator for
Germany
Nazi’s begin using
concentration camps &
seize control over the army,
schools, press, churches,
even the arts…and begin
targeting the Jews
Long Term Causes of
World War Two: THE FANG
Treaty of Versailles
Hitler’s Ambitions
Extremism: Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain
Failures of the League of Nations
Appeasement
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Great Depression
Versailles Treaty
Point this! Woody!
Hey we really
put the screws
to those
losers, eh?
What about my 14
points?
Humiliated Germany
TRAWL
Never really gave
the Weimar
Republic a solid
chance to succeed
Destroyed the
Economy
Failures of the League of NationsMANSU
Membership: No
USA, USSR or
Germany
Army-less
No Real Arms
Control
Secret Treaties
Unanimous
Decisions
What’s our
next
unanimous
move?
If we could, we
wouldn’t be here.
Can’t we all
just get
along?
The Great Depression
Free coffee for the
unemployed, what
a great country
I put all
mine in
stocks
I put all money in bank
so I get free coffee too!
The Depression followed
the Wall Street Crash.
When the American stock
market collapsed, US
businesses called in
international loans, which
in turn made foreign
stock markets collapse.
The end result was a
vicious circle of
collapsing businesses,
unemployment and
poverty.
Rise of Dictatorships
Mussolini-Italy
Tojo-Japan
Hitler-Germany
Franco-Spain
Fascism
Hyper
nationalism
Dictatorships
Appeasement
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
Attempt to “fix” Versailles
Treaty
Wanted a strong Germany
to keep USSR in check
“Peace in our Time” World
War 1 devastated Europe
Britain’s military took big
hits during the Great
Depression & France
needed the UK’s support
I have a signed piece of paper
from Hitler that says I’m the
biggest loser of all time.
After this, he can manage
the Cubs!
Nazi Soviet Non-aggression Pact
Nice jacket Joe. What
are you a waiter?
Nazi
Humor! I
love it! We
get half of
Poland
right?
August of 1939
Shocks the Allies:
Stalin & Hitler together!
Stalin mad about
appeasement
Agree: not to attack
each other, USSR gets
free hand in the Baltics
Secret Deal to Split
Poland
Allows Hitler to fight a
one front war
The War Overviewed
World War Two was fought mainly in: Asia,
Europe, Africa, Pacific Islands & Ocean,
Atlantic Ocean.,
55-60 million people dead
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, & Japan
Allies: Great Britain, France, USSR, USA
Churchill rallies Britain
“I have nothing to offer but
blood, toil, tears and sweat”
“We shall fight on the
beaches…we shall fight in the
fields and in the streets, we
shall fight in the hills. We shall
never surrender”
Rallies Britain to hold off
Hitler. Works closely with FDR
trying to get US involved in the
war
Lend Lease Act- “neutral” US
sells, lease or lend military
equipment to nations vital to
US security. US got British
naval bases
This ain’t
a peace
sign, kids.
V is fo’
Victory
The Final Solution: The Holocaust
10 million dead in Nazi
camps
Systematic slaughter of
Jews, Gypsies,
Slavs,Homosexuals,
Mental/Physical
“defectives”, & Political
Opponents
The “Final Solution”
architects are tried at the
Nuremberg Trials
Eleanor Roosevelt
Civil Rights ActivistWomen & Minorities
Pioneered Day Care,
Women working in
wartime factories, 1st
US rep to the UN
FDR’s “Conscience”
traveled the US
meeting common
people
Most controversial 1st
I was despised for my support for
lady ever
equal rights for blacks & women
Josef Stalin: Leader of the USSR
Churchill hated me but FDR
thought he could charm
me…that was a mistake
Rose to power after V.I. Lenin’s
death
Ruthlessly eliminated political
opponent via assassination,
prison camps “Gulags” in
Siberia, forced collectivization
of farming and “purges” of
Army & politburo
Killed somewhere between an
estimated 8-20 million
Became a member of the Allies
after German invasion
More Brandy & Cigars
Guys?
The Big 3 at Yalta
Churchill FDR Stalin
Conference to plan
for a post world war
2 world:
Divided Germany
after the war into 4
zones
Democratic Poland
Soviet Union attacks
Japan
These party
animals are
wearin’ me out!
We always have more
Vodka & Caviar!
The New Big 3 at Potsdam Conference
A bourbon
drinking poker
player from
Mizzou?
I’m not
feeling the
love
Churchill, Truman, &
Stalin
UN structure formed
Truman knows he has
the A bomb and is “tired
of babying the Soviets”
Group didn’t get along;
beginning of the cold war
Reaffirm “Unconditional
Surrender” Demand
Impact & Effects of the Atomic Bombs
Ended World War Two
Caused Japan to surrender
Represented the beginning
of the arms race
Culmination of “Total War”
Led to many countries
trying to ban the
development of nuclear
weapons and negotiate for
peaceful relations
World War Two Aftermath: The
United Nations
Roosevelt & Churchill
sign the Atlantic
Charter which is the
forerunner of the
United Nations
International
Organization
dedicated to human
rights, open
diplomacy, & peaceful
resolution of disputes
World War 2 Aftermath: Women’s Rights
Rosie The Riveter: Millions of
women enter the work force &
find they can do the job well
Thousands of women are laid
off at the end of the war
Changes women’s perspective
about their lives and goalswant more than just
motherhood
Forerunner of the women’s
liberation movement of the
1960’s
World War Two Aftermath: The Cold
War US vs. USSR
A cold war is a war with
no direct fighting between
the countries involved. A
cold war often involves
countries with different
ideologies (e.g. USA
capitalist and USSR
communist).
A war of mistrust, spying,
propaganda and
deception.
Total War & Propaganda
US uses propaganda
(mass media, posters,
film, radio) to boost
civilian morale & get
them to make
sacrifices (victory
gardens, rationing)
US forced to “live up
to” its propaganda
later: GI Bill, civil &
women’s rights
No Excuses: Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre, Viktor Frankl, and other European
philosophers were affected by World War II deeply.
The war left many Europeans disillusioned with
traditional philosophies, science, and faith. World
War II (1939–1945) gave rise to widespread feelings
of despair and of separation from the established
order. These feelings led to the idea that people
have to create their own values in a world in which
traditional values no longer govern.
The underlying concepts of existentialism are simple:
Mankind has free will.
Life is a series of choices, creating stress.
Few decisions are without any negative
consequences.
Some things are irrational or absurd, without
explanation.
If one makes a decision, he or she must follow
through.