Transcript 2007 Past Paper and Answers File

1(a)What is the message
of this cartoon? Use
details of the cartoon
and your knowledge to
explain your answer [6]
1(b) Explain why the
‘Big Three’ at Versailles
had different aims. [9]
Level 3 - Interpretations with details of
the cartoons or Own knowledge
• Big Four leaving peace conference, Clemenceau here’s
child weeping, the child of 1940 is hidden behind the
pillar crying with the peace treaty on the floor. The
caption of peace and future cannon fodder should be
referred to imply that peace will not last beyond 1940
• Or
• The terms of the treaty were too severe on Germany
causing trouble in the future, it was a Diktat making
Germany responsible for war for which they had to pay
reparations, they will take revenge on the allies in the
near future
• Answering one OR the other will se you achieve a level
3, adding both reasons will allow you to jump up to full
marks
Aims of the Big 3
•
Clemenceau
• Lloyd George
•
Make sure France
is secure from
future German
attacks
Felt threatened
since 1870 by
German power
Damage done to
people, industry
and land
Need for
vengeance
• Navy remains strong
to protect empire
• British public
demand he
squeezed Germany
until they ‘squeaked’
• Wanted Germany to
lose colonies and
navy
• Not punish Germany
too strongly to avoid
future trouble
•
•
•
Wilson
A fair treaty and future
peace based on the 14
points
Wanted future trade to
help nations prosper
International cooperation – the setting
up of the league of
nations
A judgement is then needed to explain why they had different aims
3(a) What were the main aims of the League of Nations?
[4]
3(b) Explain how the League of Nations achieved some
successes in the 1920s. [6]
3(c) How far can the failure of the League in the 1930s
be blamed on the Great Depression? Explain your
answer. [10]
Aims of L.o.N
• Uphold TofV
• Encourage international co-operation through trade
• Settle disputes peacefully
• Maintain peace through collective security
• Improve living standards across the globe
• Any two of the above (explained) will see you receive full
marks
League of Nations Successes
• Austro – Hungarian
economy boosted /
saved
• Smaller nations
accepted terms of the
leagues judgements
(i.e. Aaland / Greek
Bulgarian dispute /
upper Silesia
• Any three of these
explained will see you
get full marks if you
include a judgement
about why it worked
with small countries
League / Depression = Blame?
• Agree
• Disagree
• Economic crisis caused
millions to lose jobs – breeding
ground for extremists
• Nazis elected to solve
economic / social problems
and overthrown Versailles
• Rise of Mussolini and
expansionist foreign policy
• Aggressive foreign policy of
Japan not dealt with
• Ensure you explain the
relevance of why you have
given your reason
• No real power to enforce
decisions with major countries
(use examples)
• Japan / Germany / Italy leaving
league
• Increased militarism
• Weak structure of Leak
• No America / USSR
• Sanctions were not agreed
• Tiger without teeth
To get 10 marks, you need an judgement saying how far…….
4(a) Describe the events in the Rhineland in 1936. [4]
4(b) Explain why Britain followed a policy of
appeasement [6]
4(c) How far was the Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939
responsible for causing war in Europe? Explain your
answer. [10]
Rhineland
• Hitler marched troops into Rhineland
• Britain saw it as marching into back yard
• France failed to act alone
• Hitler told generals to withdraw if
resistance met
Britain and Appeasement
• Public opinion thought Treaty too harsh on
Germany
• Hitler taking back what was rightfully his
• Right to try and avoid war
• Bulwark against Communism
• Not ready to fight
• Appeasement gave a chance to re-arm
• All of the above with a judgement will see you
achieve a level 4
How far was the Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939
responsible for causing war in Europe?
• Was
• Wasn’t
• Polish issue
• Hitler desperate to avoid
war on two fronts
• Pact left France and
Britain alone – he didn’t
think they would fight
• Great Depression
• Failure of League
• Hitler’s aggression meant
he was always looking for
war
• Anglo German Treaty
• French – British distrust
• Failure of appeasement
Judgement needed for 10 marks
7(a)Why do you think
this cartoon was
published in Germany
in 1919? Use the
cartoon and your
knowledge to explain
your answer. [7]
Source C
•
•
•
•
Hatred of Versailles
Germans felt unfairly treated
Took blame for war although didn’t start it
Need to pay reparations (100 billion
marks)
• German cartoonist wants to rise up and
oppose the treaty
7(b) Are you surprised by
this poster? Use the poster
and your knowledge
to explain your answer. [6]
Source C
• I am not surprised by poster
• French invasion when reparations not met
• Passive resistance / Poster is encouraging
this
• Ruhr importance of Industry
• Link answers in with evidence of the
source
“The Weimar Republic was born out of terrible defeat.
This cast a dark shadow on the Republic. The criminal
madness of the Versailles Diktat was a blow to the hopes
of political and economic recovery. The Weimar
Constitution was born with this curse upon it. That the
Weimar Republic did not collapse immediately proves
the strength of the Constitution.”
7(c) How far does this source prove that the Weimar
Republic failed because of the Treaty of Versailles? Use
the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.
[7]
Weimar failed because of
Versialles?
• Contextual knowledge used to explain both the role of
the Treaty and at least one other factor
•
•
•
•
•
•
Economics (hyper inflation / Wall Street)
Hatred of democracy
War defeat
Diktat
November Criminals
Nazi extremists
• Make sure you have a balance and a judgement saying
how far…..
8(a)Describe what happened during, and immediately
after, the Reichstag Fire in 1933. [4]
8(b) Explain why Hitler carried out the Night of the Long
Knives (1934). [6]
8(c) ‘Popular support for Hitler was the most important
reason why he became Chancellor in 1933.’ How far
do you agree with this view? Explain your answer. [10]
Reichstag Fire
• Van der Lubbe arrested
• Trial
• Blaming Communism (Nazi Propaganda)
• Opponents rounded up
• Nazi only in elections
• Enabling Act passed
Long Knives
• SA too powerful
• Embarrassing him
• Needed army and elite support
• Threat of Rohm
Popular Support = Chancellor?
• Reach Judgement on
most important reason to
gain full marks
•
•
•
•
Exploits depression
Weakness of Weimar
Rallies / Parades
New dawn = Bread and
Food
• Destroy Versailles
• Restore German might
• Squabbling of the
Elites
• Thought they could
control Hitler
• Fear of communism
and big business
support
• Weak opposition
9(a) Describe the propaganda methods used by the
Nazis. [4]
9(b) Explain why women were important in Hitler’s plans
for Germany. [6]
9(c) How far did the Nazis achieve total control in
Germany between 1933 and 1945? Explain your
answer. [10]
Propaganda
• Radio / Press
• Olympics
• Rallies
• Goebbels
• Images of Hitler
Women were important?
• Families
• K.K.K
• Large Army – Population increase
• Family values
• To work in industry and armament when men
went to war
Nazis = Total Control?
• Did
•
•
•
•
•
Hitler Youth
Kdf
Daf
Gestapo and Terror
Education Policy
•
•
•
•
Youth opposition
Church Opposition
Elites / Army Opposition
War – Plots against Hitler,
as war went on regime
became increasingly
unpopular
• Come to a judgement
explaining your view for
full marks