Transcript CHAPTER 34: The Origins of World War II

CHAPTER 34: Franklin D.
Roosevelt and the Shadow
of War
America Becomes a Good Neighbor
• Philippine Independence by 1946
– More freeing US from the Philippines than freeing THEM
from us
• Formal recognition of the USSR in 1933
– Motives: Trade and to balance the power of Japan in
Asia and the threat of Germany in Europe
• The Good Neighbor Policy
– FDR renounces armed intervention in the Western
Hemisphere (undoing the Roosevelt Corollary?)
– Pulls marines
– Some businesses took a hit but it paid dividends in
goodwill
Europe After World War I
• WWI caused the deaths of millions and the
destruction of numerous cities and farms.
• The European economy was in ruins.
• The Treaty of Versailles left many
European nations unhappy.
• Germany was most affected by the Treaty of
Versailles.
Guernica by Pablo Picasso
In 1937, German planes, aiding Franco in the Spanish Civil War, bombed
and destroyed Guernica. The indiscriminate killing of women and
children aroused world opinion. The bombing of Guernica became a
symbol of fascist brutality.
The Military Takes Control of
the Government in Japan
• Pre World War I, Japan industrializes
with the help of a strong military to
gain natural resources
• After WWI, Japan is a member of the
League of Nations and signs the Kellogg-Briand
Pact
• Worldwide depression renews militarism
• Extreme nationalism and a need for raw materials
(like oil) put Japan on the path toward war
• Prime Minister Hideki Tojo continued to develop
the military
Military Aggression
is Met with a Weak
Response in Asia
• Japan takes control
of Manchuria in n.
China
– The League ordered
Japan to leave
(they did not)
– Soon Japan occupied
all of China’s major
cities and withdrew from the weak League of Nations
• FDR speaks out against the “epidemic of world
lawlessness” in his Quarantine Speech hoping to get
Japan to stop expanding (they did not)
Military Aggression is Met with a Weak
Response in Europe
• Hitler begins rebuilding the German military against
the orders of the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland against the orders of
the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler annexes Austria (the anschluss)
• Hitler wants to take the Sudetenland which was taken
from Germany after WWI
– In the Munich Pact (appeasement) , British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain appeases Hitler and gives it to him
• Hitler then takes the rest of Czechoslovakia
“Peace in our time” (Neville Chamberlain) never came to be
Congress Legislates Neutrality
• Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1936 and 1937
– No American could legally sail on a belligerent
ship, sell or transport munitions to a nation at war
or make loans
• America was not going to get sucked into
WWII like WWI
• By not helping anyone, the aggressors WERE
helped and the victims suffered
Meanwhile…
• Mussolini was expanding
into Ethiopia
– The League of Nations
imposed weak economic
sanctions to get Italy to
leave (they did not)
• In May, the Rome-Berlin
Axis is formed by Hitler
and Mussolini in a treaty
of friendship
– Both help Franco in Spain
• In the U.S. it’s all about
neutrality
– “no arms, ammunition or
weapons of war” to
nations in conflict
– No one wanted to repeat
WWI
Hitler Plunges Europe into
War
• Winston Churchill becomes
Prime Minister in Great Britain
– Along with France, no more German
territorial demands would be tolerated
• August, 1939: Hitler signs a Non-Aggression Pact
with Stalin
– Neither would attack the other
– Divide Poland
• September, 1939: Hitler invades Poland
– Blitzkrieg (lightning war) tactics
– Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
• British forces cross the English Channel to help
• The “phony war” begins then ends in April 1940
with German surprise
attacks in n. and w. Europe
• 338,000 British troops
have to evacuate at
Dunkirk
• June 1940 Paris falls to
the Nazis while Italy declares
war on Great Britain and France,
too (they form the Axis Powers)
– A French “puppet government” is
formed in Vichy
• Spring 1941: Britain stands alone
A Third Term for FDR?
Americans Move Away from Isolationism
• Japan joins Germany and Italy in an alliance of
mutual support
– The Tripartite Pact signed in September 1940
– Now who would have to fight a two front war?
• Selective Service and Training Act (1940)
– 1st peacetime draft in American history
• Lend-Lease to Great Britain (lend, not sell, arms)
– The U.S. would become the “arsenal of democracy” and
“send guns, not sons” to Europe
• Atlantic Charter (FDR and Churchill)
– Promise not to use war to expand territory
– Reaffirm a belief in self-government
– A new “permanent system of general security” (U.N.)
“Yesterday, December 7th,
a date which will live in
infamy…” - F.D.R.
• Japan had tried to establish
a “new order in East Asia”
• The U.S. responded with aid
to Japan’s enemies, blocking
exports (oil), freezing Japanese assets in U.S. banks
• At Pearl Harbor, 300 Japanese bombers and fighter
planes sank or damaged 18 American ships and
300 aircraft
• 2400 Americans killed, 1200 wounded