Transcript Franklin D. Roosevelt and The Shadow of War

Franklin D. Roosevelt and The
Shadow of War
Chapter 35
1933-1941
The London Conference
• Summer 1933 – 66 nations sent delegates to
the London Economic Conference
• Hoped to organize a coordinated
international attack on the global
depression.
• US did not attend because FDR did not
agree with the economic policies
• Global trend toward nationalism on the rise
Phillipines
• While nationalism was
on the rise, US took an
isolationism policy
• Tydings-McDuffie Act –
1934 - provided for the
independence of the
Philippines by 1946
• US did not want to
support Phil if Japan
attacked there
The Soviet Union
• 1933- US officially
recognized the USSR
• Opened trade
• Friendly counterweight to Germany in
Europe and Japan in
Asia
Becoming a Good Neighbor
• Good Neighbor
Policy - renounced
armed intervention in
Latin America
• The last marines left
Haiti in 1934
• Cuba was released
from US control
• Grip on Panama
relaxed in 1936
Reciprocal Trade Agreement
• Congress passed the
Reciprocal Trade
Agreements Act in
1934.
• Pact with 21 countries
by the end of 1939 to
lower trade tariffs
• U.S. foreign trade
increased dramatically
Isolation Impulse
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1922 – Benito Mussolini takes over Italy
1929 – Joseph Stalin takes over Russia
1932 – Adolph Hitler takes over Germany
1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis created
1935 – Italy attacks Ethiopia
Americans retain their isolationist stance!
Joseph Stalin
• Russian Dictator
• 1929-1953
• He helped to turn
Russia into a great
industrial nation
through Communism
Benito Mussolini
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Italian Dictator
1922-1943
Fascist
Allied with Adolph
Hitler and Nazi
Germany
Adolf Hitler
• German Fascist
Leader
• 1932-1945
• Led Nazi Germany in
WWII
Neutrality
• U.S. Congress passed the Neutrality Acts
of 1935, 1936, and 1937
• The acts were made to keep the US out of
international conflict.
Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
• Spanish rebels led by
Gen. Francisco Franco
rose against the
government in Madrid
• Assisted by Mussolini
and Hitler, Franco
defeated Russian
supported Loyalists
Appeasement
• 1937 – Japan led an all-out invasion of
China
• FDR remained neutral and Japan cont. to
buy war supplies from US
• 1935 – Hitler announces mandatory military
service
• 1936 – A.H. took over German Rhineland
• 1938 – Hitler invaded Austria
Munich Conference
• Sept. 1938 – European nations betrayed
Czechoslovakia and gave Germany the
Sudetenland
• They hoped Hitler would be appeased
• March 1939 – Hitler took over Czech.
USSR-Germany
• Aug. 23, 1939 – Germany
and USSR sign a nonaggression pact
• Hitler-Stalin Pact – meant
Germany could attack
Poland without fear of
USSR
• Sept. 1, 1939 – Hitler
invades Poland
• Britain and France
declared war on Germany
• WWII had begun!
The Fall of France
• The months after the invasion of Poland –
“phony war” – no violence or attacks
• Soviet Union takes over Finland
• Hitler takes over Norway, Denmark, The
Netherlands and Belgium in 1940
• June 1940 – France was forced to surrender
• FDR calls on US to build up military
• Congress agreed to spend $37 Billion
Getting Ready for War
• Sept. 6, 1940 – Congress passed
conscription laws
• 1st peace time draft
• 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reservists
each year
• US restates Monroe Doctrine – European
nations must stay out of Western
Hemisphere (1823) and Roosevelt Corollary
(1904)
The Battle of Britain (1940)
• Aug. 1940 – Hitler
launched air attacks on
Britain
• Battle of Britain –
German attacks on the
British Islands lasted
for months.
• Americans grew
sympathetic toward
Great Britain.
Two Different Approaches
• Committee to Defend America by Aiding the
Allies – supported helping the British
• The America First Committee – committed to
isolation
• September 2, 1940 – FDR agreed to transfer 50
destroyers left over from WWI to Britain.
• In return, Britain agreed to hand over 8
valuable defensive base sites to the US.
• This was a flagrant violation of the neutrality
obligations.
Two Term Tradition ??
• Wendell L. Willkie (R)
• Franklin Roosevelt
(D)
• Election of 1940 was
won by FDR, Willkie
supported many New
Deal Programs
Lend-Lease Program
• Lend-Lease Bill passed in 1941
• It allowed for American arms to be lent or
leased to the democracies of the world that
needed them. When the war was over, the
guns and tanks could be returned.
• Lend-Lease was a challenge to Axis
dictators; Hitler viewed it as an unofficial
declaration of war
Hitler Invades USSR
• Nations were bound by Nazi-Soviet Pact of
1939
• June 22, 1941 – Hitler invaded USSR
• The Atlantic Conf was held in Aug. 1941
• FDR and Churchill met to discuss problems
• They came up with The Atlantic Charter –
outlining desires of world democracies
Surprise Assault of Pearl Harbor
• U.S. demanded that
Japan clear out of
China
• Dec. 7, 1941 –
Japanese bombers
attack Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii killing 2,348
people
• Dec. 11, 1941 – US
declares war