Transcript The Road To War - Elmwood Park Public Schools

The Road To War
By Mr. Sims
League of Nations
• Purpose:
– Eliminate international anarchy
– Prevent war by settling disputes peacefully
– Solve economic & social problems through
compensation
League of Nations
• Failures:
– Halt the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931)
– Halt the Italian conquest of Ethiopia (1931)
– Prevent German rearmament
U.S. Foreign Policy 1919-1939
• Supported certain activities of the League, but
DID NOT join the League
• Joined naval disarmament to help contribute
to world peace
• Signed Washington Conference and Kellogg
Briand Pact
• The US followed a policy of ISOLATIONISM
Isolation
• Refused to join the world court and the
League
• Discouraged trade by raising tariffs
• Adapted neutrality legislation
War Debts
• US took a role as a creditor nation after World
War I
• It emphasized seeking debt payments and reparations
from other nations
Washington Conference Treaties
• Four-Power Treaty
• Nine-Power Treaty
• Five-Power Naval Treaty
Recognizing Russia
• US would not recognize Russia as the Soviet
Union at first (Russia refused to pay war
debts; they preached a world revolution with
communism)
• In 1933 US recognized Soviet Union to
increase trade needs and to stop the
encouragement of communism in the US
Good Neighbor Policy
• A policy of mutual respect between the US
and Latin America
• US cancels the Platt Amendment (The right for
the US to intervene in Cuba)
• US gave up the right to intervene in Panama
• US pulled Marines out of Haiti
US in the Economy
• US companies increased their investments in
banana, coffee, and sugar plantations in
Central America and the Caribbean (United
Fruit Company)
• The governments of some countries existed
mainly to serve the interests of these foreign
companies
Rise of Militarism & Fascism
• Versailles Treaty – The Depression affected
Germany so bad that their economy was in
shambles; they couldn’t pay back debts
• Fascist Party in Italy (military rule) takes over
with Benito Mussolini as the dictator
• Militarists seize power in Japan in 1931
• Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler, come
to power with Hitler as a dictator
Hitler and the Nazis
• Hitler was able to arouse nationalistic feelings
amongst the German people
• Hitler and the Nazis blamed the injustices of
the Treaty of Versailles and inferior races
(Jews) for Germany’s economic problems
• The Nazis believed they were the Aryan or
superior race of people in the world
Nazi Germany
• Nazi’s controlled production, wages, hours, etc
• Women were NOT allowed to work
• Herman Goering controlled the economy and
begins to rearm Germany for war breaking the
Treaty of Versailles
The Nazis in Power
• Hitler becomes prime minister in 1933, the
Weimar Republic ends here
• Hitler abolishes democracy and becomes
dictator
– Secret police
– One party rule – Nazi Party
– Germany becomes a Totalitarian State
Nazi Germany
• Enabling Act 1933 – government has the
power to rule by decree
• Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Jewish origin cannot
have sexual relations with Aryans
• Propaganda – taught citizens the “evils” of
democracy, promotes war-like attitude
• Education – taught students about weapons,
poisonous gases
Night of Long Knives 1934
• Purge of all of Hitler’s opponents
– 33 leaders killed in all
– Every individual had to succumb to state
– Hitler leaves the League and no longer resects
disarmament
Axis Aggression 1931-1939
• Germany, Italy, Japan (military)
– Violated international peace agreements
(Versailles, Washington Conference, Kellogg
Briand Pact)
– Withdrew from League
– Joined to create Axis Powers
Axis Aggression
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•
•
Japan invades Manchuria in 1931-1932
Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935
Germany re-arms itself
Japan takes over coastal parts of China
Germany takes Austria and Czechoslovakia in
1938
• Italy takes Albania in 1939
Munich Conference
• Conference between Europe & Hitler
• Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia to protect German citizens
there
• Hitler used the excuse of “living space” at this
conference to get what he wanted
• Europe APPEASES Hitler, drives Germany east
towards Russia who begins to mobilize
Non Aggression Pact
• Warsaw Pact (Non aggression pact) – a 10
year agreement between Russia and Germany
not to fight each other
- Agreed to split up Poland
- Prevented Germany from fighting a 2-front
war
* Pact broken in 1941 when Germany invades
Russia
Spanish Civil War
• “Dress rehearsal” for World War II
• Popular front was formed
• Fascists, led by General Francisco Franco,
takes over Spain (Allies neutral)
US Neutrality Acts 1935, 1937, 1939
• Part of the “Quarantine Speech”
• US can’t deal with aggressor nations
• Prohibited the sale of war goods to nations at
war
• Prohibited loans to nations at war
• Cash carry policy (1939)
• Restricted US merchant ships into war zones
Causes of World War II
• Germany, Italy, and Japan became unhappy
with the Treaty of Versailles; this lead to
Totalitarian regimes in each of these countries
• Russia was extremely distrustful of the Axis
Powers
• Appeasement (German expansion)
• Allies were pacifists
September 1939
• Germany invades Poland starting World War II
• Poland falls in 3 weeks while Russia invades
from East
• Allied Powers = Britain & France
• Allies prepare for an attack on France
World War II
• France invaded on May 10, 1940
World War II
• Blitzkrieg – “lightening war”
– This German tactic was a rapid series of successful
invasions that gave Hitler control over much of
Western Europe
Vichy France
Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
• The Most Important Battle of World War 2
• The Battle of Britain was fought from July 10
to October 31, 1940 and was the first defeat
for Hitler's forces.
Battle of Britain
US 1939 -1941
• US moves from isolation to active allied aid
– US gave supplies to Britain
– Repaired British ships
– Froze Axis property
– Imprisoned Italian & German sailors
US Selective Service Act 1940
• All males from ages 21-36 had to register for
the draft
Destroyer-Naval Base Deal 1940
• Army and Navy gave all available weapons to
private dealers for resale in Britain
• *FDR elected to an unprecedented 3rd term
US in 1941
• Passed the Lend Lease Act
• Passed the Atlantic Charter
US vs. Japan
• Growing tensions between the two countries
• Japan invades China and prohibits US activity
there
• US imposes sanctions on Japan to prevent
them from expanding further
• US demanded Japan withdraw from China &
Indochina
US vs. Japan
• US pursued economic policies meant to
discourage Japan from further aggression
– Granted loans to China
– Refused to export arms to Japan
– Froze all Japanese assets in the US
– Stopped exporting oil to Japan
US vs. Japan
• Because of these sanctions, Japan needed
more material and territory
• While Japanese diplomats negotiated with US
diplomats the Japanese Empire, lead by Hideki
Tojo, bombed Pearl Harbor (the American
Navel Fleet in Hawaii) on December 7, 1941