Transcript The Winds of Change

The Winds of Change
1918-1939
Casualties of WWI
Russia: 1,700,000
► France: 1,357,800
► Britain: 908,371
► Italy: 650,000
► US: 126,000
► Japan: 300
► Romania: 335,706
► Serbia: 45,000
► Belgium: 13,716
► Greece: 5,000
► Portugal: 7,222
► Montenegro: 3,000
► TOTAL: 12, 831,004
►
► Germany:
4,216,058
► Austria-Hungary:
3,620,000
► Turkey: 400,000
► Bulgaria: 152,390
► TOTAL: 8,388,448
►OVERALL
TOTAL:
21, 219, 452
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
► Signed
1919
on June 28,
►
►
► WILSON’S
14 POINTS
 LEAGUE OF NATIONS
AND BRITISH
REVENGE
►
► FRENCH
► GERMANY’S
PRICE
HIGH
►
Germany lost 13 percent
of its territory
Reparations were fixed in
1921 at 132 billion gold
marks
Disarmament of Germany
 No tanks, no air force
and no submarines
Most humiliating aspects
of the treaty was Article
231 which held Germans
responsible for causing
World War I
Rise of the Fascists State
► Fascism
 The most
restrictive
definitions of
fascism include
only one
government, that
of Mussolini in
Italy. However, the
term is frequently
applied to Nazi
Germany under
Adolf Hitler
► Benito
Mussolini –
Dictator-1922 to
1943. “IL DUCE”
► Fascism through
Terror and
propaganda
► Italian Fascism was
an adverse reaction
to both the perceived
failure of laissez-faire
economics and fear
of international
Bolshevism
Mussolini
► War
against Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935–
1936
 League of Nations Sanctions
► 1936-1939-Sided
with Germany in Spanish
Civil War
► May 1939 the “Pact of Blood” Pact of Steel”
with Hitler created the Rome-Berlin Axis
 November 1936
► “New
Roman Empire" stretching east to
Palestine and south through North Africa.
► He was unprepared for war when Hitler
invaded Poland.
Weimar Republic
► Weimar
Republic
 Puppet government
of allies
►Freidrich
Ebert
►Crisis of 1923
Economic Failure
 4,200,000,000
marks to the
U.S. dollar
Fall of the Weimar
The Weimar Republic
►People felt
had some of the most
betrayed by
serious economic
problems ever
Treaty of
experienced by any
Versailles
Western democracy
 hyperinflation
►Opposition to
► Politically and socially
Weimar
unstable
► In 1932, about 5 million
Germans were
unemployed. Many
blamed the Weimar
Republic
►
the
POLITICAL PARTIES OF POSTT WW1
GERMANY FAR LEFT TO FAR RIGHT
► KPD-COMMUNIST
► SPD-SOCIALIST
► DDP-DEMOCRATIC
UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
► CENTER PARTYCATHOLICS
► DVP-PEOPLES PARTY
► DNVPCONCERVATIVES-OLD
ARISTOCRATS
►RULE
BY
COMMITTEE
►LACK OF
MAJORITY
►REFUSAL TO ACT
►PRESIDENT
BRUNING
ADOLF HITLER
► Born
on April 20TH
1889 in Braunau-amInn, Austria.
► 1914, he volunteered
for service in the
German army and was
accepted into the 16th
Bavarian Reserve
Infantry
 Promoted to corporal
and decorated with
both the Iron Cross
Second Class and First
Class.
► 1920
BEGAN TO
EXPAND THE NAZI
PARTY
► Sturmabteilung or S.A.
- Hitler's brown shirted
storm troopers were
used like controlled
thugs: POPULAR WITH
COLLEGE AGED MEN
 1920 Hitler chose the
swastika as the Nazi
party emblem.
 Leader of the Nazi
Party by 1921
The Beer Hall Putsch - 1923
►
November 8th 1923 Hitler led an attempt to take over the
local Bavarian Government in Munich
 The coup was not successful
End with Hitler’s SA men being stopped by Munich Police
►
Hitler had fled the scene and was later arrested and
charged with treason.
►
After his trial for treason he was sentenced to five years in
Landsberg prison, however he had successfully used the
trial itself to gain publicity for himself and his ideas.
►
While at Landsberg Hitler began dictating his thoughts and
philosophies to Rudolf Hess which became the book "Mein
Kampf" (My Struggle).
► December
1924 released
► Created the infamous SS
(Schutzstaffel)
 Hitler's bodyguard under the
leadership of Heinrich
Himmler.
► World
Wide Depression
 President Hindenburg was
forced to dissolve the
Reichstag and call for new
elections.
► The
Nazi Party won 6.4
million votes which made
them the second largest
party in the Reichstag.
 Nazis Become the Largest
Party - 1932
WHY THE NAZI’S???
► NATIONAL
& LOCAL
►HITLER
MOVEMENT
►ACTIVE YOUNG
► IRRESPONSIBILITY
MOVEMENT
► RHETORIC OF THE
PARTY
►VIOLENCE &
APPEAL OF THE SA ► CYNICAL NATURE
OF THE PEOPLE
►MASSIVE
AND THE PARTY
DEMENSTRATIONS
► RISE OF
-TRIUMPH OF THE COMMUNIST
WILL
VOTERS
►January
30th, 1933 President
Hindenburg appointed Hitler
Chancellor
 Nazi Herman Goering was President of the
Reichstag (German Senate)
►The
Burning of the Reichstag February 1933
Hitler arrested all Communist
deputies of the Reichstag
 Nazi Party was to be the only political
party allowed in Germany.
The Night of the Long Knives
1934
►Hitler
ordered Himmler and
Goering to take action against the
leaders of the SA.
►June 30, 1934 Himmler's SS and
Goering's special police arrested
and executed the leaders of the SA
►The beginning of the THIRD
REICH-1000 YEARS
►
Heinrich Himmler-Herman
Goering
 Hitler’s Henchmen
►
The Attacks killed Former
Chancellor Kurt von
Schleicher-murdered in his
doorway
This night was the last for
many high ranking Nazi
Officers
 Ernest Rohm-Head of SAshot by 2 policemen
►As most of the SA
Brass he was
Homosexual
►This was
discovered by
Himmler
►
Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor
►Nazification
of Germany
►Gestapo
►Spitting
in the face of Versailles
►Hitler Youth
►Rearming of Germany
►Resolving economic problems
►On the verge of War-1935-1939
 Olympics in Berlin 1936
Soviet Union
►Begins
with the fall
of Imperial Russia
►The Bolsheviks
►Vladimir I. Lenin
 Bread, Land, &
Peace
 Leon Trotsky
 Joseph Stalin
Lenin and Stalin
► Lenin
dies in Jan
1924 & a power
struggle in sues
between Trotsky
and Stalin
► Trotsky is arrested
& exiled
Trotsky is
murdered
In Mexico
STALIN AND THE USSR
► Stalin's
rule was characterized by a strong
Cult of Personality
► Extreme concentration of power, and little
concern for the harsh consequences of strict
policies
► Red Purges
 “No Body, No Problem”
 Roughly 20 million Russians die on his watch
► Head
of Politburo
► Collectivization
► Gulag forced labor camps
► Kulaks
 wealthy Russians who refused Collectivization
► NEP-
5 year plans
► Ruled by absolute fear
Enemies of the People
Family of Enemies of the People
GUGB-instrument of ethnic cleansing and
genocide
►Believed
that war with
Germany could be avoided
►By 1936-1937 the massive
Soviet Union was prepared
for war, but not ready to fight
►Stalin will make his greatest
mistake and trust Hitler
THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN
► By
1874 the Japanese military began to
conquer surrounding lands
► By 1895 they were recognized by the world
as a serious power in Asia
► Russo-Japanese War
 Within 16 months Japan had sunk much
of the Russian Navy and gained territories
in Manchuria and Korea through the
Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905.
► In 1922 England cut her allegiances with
Japan; both the United States and Great
Britain saw Japan’s navy as a threat to their
naval dominance
►July
7, 1937, Japanese troops and
warships poured into China
►They occupied Peking and Shanghai. In
December 1937 they took Nanjing, the
Kuomintang capital.
►Crowded with refugees, the
Nationalists abandoned Nanjing to its
fate at the hands of the Japanese.
►Over a period of six weeks, hundreds
of thousands of Chinese were killed,
women were raped, and the city
sacked in what became known as the
“Rape of Nanjing.”
►War
with China begins 1937
►Need for Resources & hatred of
Chinese
►Felt Those who surrendered were
cowards
 Did not follow normal rules for treatment
of civilians and POW’s
 Forced Chinese and Korean women to
become “COMFORT WOMEN” for soldiers.
 Many of the great atrocities of war were
committed by the Japanese.
World War I Impact on the West
►Isolationism
►Nationalism
►Alliances
►Fear
of another global conflict
►Rise of communism
►Americas Roaring 20’s
►Separated by an Ocean
POST WW I AMERICA
► ROARING
20’S
► ECONOMIC
BOOM
► THE
LOST
GENERATION
► ECONOMICS
EDGE
ON THE
GREAT DEPRESSION
► HIT
OCT. 29, 1929 AND THROWS THE
WORLD INTO A TALESPIN
► FDR
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NEW DEAL
REBUILDING A STRUGGLING NATION
FEAR OF COMMUNISM
RISE OF SOCIALISM
TOO MANY QUESTIONS
RESOURCES FOR THE WORLD???
THE STAGE IS SET AND THE
PLAYERS ARE IN PLACE WHO
WILL BE THE FIRST TO ACT
LET THE CHESS MATCH FOR
WORLD CONQUEST BEGIN