Transcript Allied Victory

Pump-Up
• How do you think the Allies are able to win WWII?
Allied Victory
Today’s Vocabulary
• D-Day
– Turning point of the war in Europe.
• Manhattan Project
– Top secret project to build the atomic bomb.
Tide Turns in Europe
• The British attacked Rommel one night by surprise.
– Rommel retreats.
• Rommel is defeated when he is caught between the British and American
armies in May 1943.
• Hitler lays siege to Stalingrad.
– Stalin told his army to defend the city to the death.
• The Soviet troops launched a counterattack.
– The Germans were now on the defensive (Feb. 1943).
• The Allies capture Sicily from the Italians (Aug 1943)
– The new king has Mussolini arrested and surrendered.
• Hitler puts Mussolini back into power.
• The Allies enter Rome on June 4, 1944.
– The Italians find Mussolini trying to escape.
• They shoot him and hang his body for all to see.
Hitler’s Defensive War
• Operation Overlord: D-Day (June
6, 1944)
– The invasion of Normandy was the
largest attack in history; 3 million
troops.
– By July the Allies marched into Paris.
– The Germans were now fighting a
defensive war.
• Battle of the Bulge
– Hitler decided to counter-attack to
split up the Americans and British
forces and supplies.
• Since the Allies were pushed back, it
was given the name Battle of the
Bulge.
– The Allies eventually pushed the
Germans back and they began to
retreat.
Victory in Europe
• 3 million Allied soldiers
approached Berlin from the
west and 6 million Soviet
troops approached from the
east.
• By April 1945, the Soviets had
surrounded the capital and
were pounding the city with
artillery fire.
– Hitler committed suicide.
• On May 7, 1945, Germany
surrendered.
Japans Defensive War
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
– The Japanese navy was destroyed.
• Japan used kamikaze to try and prevent an Allied
victory.
– Suicide pilots who would sink Allied ships by crashing
their planes into them.
• Iwo Jima
– The Japanese had dug into the island and would
defend it to the death; no surrender.
– The island was 8 square miles of volcanic rock.
– 6,821 Americans and 21,703 Japanese were killed
after a month of fighting.
• Okinawa
– Fighting on Japanese soil.
– 12,000 Americans and over 100,000 Japanese were
killed after about 2 months of fighting.
– Japanese committed suicide b/c they were told that
the American soldiers would go on a rampage of
killing and raping.
Victory in Japan
• The Manhattan Project was led by
scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
• President Truman had to decide
which method would be most
effective in ending the war with
Japan.
– Land invasion vs. atomic bomb
• On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb
is dropped on Hiroshima.
– 70,000 - 80,000 people died
immediately.
• On August 9, 1945 the second bomb
was dropped on Nagasaki.
– 70,000 people were killed immediately.
Impact of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima
Ground Temperatures
7,000F
Hurricane Force Winds
980 mph (160 mph)
Energy Released
20,000 tons of TNT
Killed Immediately
70,000 people
Dead by the end of 1945
140,000 people
Total Deaths Related to the
Atomic Bomb
210,000 people
Buildings Destroyed
62,000 buildings
Costs of WWII
Direct War Costs
Military
Killed/Missing
Civilians Killed
United States
$288 billion
292,131
_____
Great Britain
$117 billion
272,311
60,595
France
$111.3 billion
205,707
173,260
USSR
$93 billion
13,600,000
7,720,000
Germany
$212.3 billion
3,300,000
2,893,000
Japan
$41.3 billion
1,140,429
953,000
Postwar Gov’t & Politics
• Some countries are able to
quickly return to normal life.
• Other countries are
influenced by Communism.
– Offer security during tough
economic times.
• Nuremberg Trials
– Court trial in which 22 Nazi’s
are charged with “crimes
against humanity.”
Postwar Japan
• General Douglas MacArthur took
charge of the U.S. occupation of
Japan.
– Wanted to be fair and not to plant the
seeds of future war.
• Demilitarization
– Disbanding the Japanese armed forces.
• Brought war criminals to trial.
– Many were put to death.
• Democratization
– Process of creating a gov’t elected by
the people.
• Constitutional monarchy
Occupation Brings Changes
• The Japanese emperor had to declare
that he wasn’t divine ruler.
– Became a figurehead—a symbol of Japan.
• The parliament (Diet) and prime
minister had the real power.
– All citizens over the age of 20 had the right
to vote.
• Article 9 of the Japanese constitution
stated that the Japanese could only
wage war if they were attacked.
• The U.S. and Japan now become allies.
– The U.S. and the Soviet Union and the U.S.
no longer see eye-to-eye.
Reflection
• Explain how victory was achieved in Europe
and in the Pacific during WWII.