Transcript The Home Front - North Pocono School District

The Home Front
WW2
Part 2
A. Mobilizing for Victory
• Training for Combat
– 10 Million men were drafted.
– Women joined the armed forces
• WACS—Women in the Air Force
• WAVES—Women in the Navy
• SPARS—Women in the Coast Guard
– The only thing women were not involved in
was combat.
B. Organizing the Economy
• War Production Board—helped companies
switch from producing consumer goods to
war goods
• Unemployment decreased and the Great
Depression finally ended.
• The US made over 50,000 planes in 1942.
C. New Roles for Women
• Rosie the Riveter—fictional character that
represented women in the workforce
• Millions of women entered the workforce.
• Some of their jobs included welders, bus
drivers, riveters, police officers, and gas
station attendants.
• Women now received better pay and more
confidence.
D. African Americans Seek Social
Change
• Philip Randolph—fought discrimination in
hiring for African Americans.
• Randolph met with FDR to settle the
dispute.
• Executive Order—President issued an
order stating that all companies must
adhere to non-discrimination or face fines.
E. Other Ethnic Groups in War
• Native Americans
– Many of Native Americans joined the war.
– “code-talkers”—Native Americans used their
own language to radio each other without
being intercepted.
F. Japanese Internment Camps
• After Pearl Harbor, many Americans
questioned the loyalty of Japanese
Americans.
• About 110,000 Japanese Americans were
forced to internment camps.
G. Loyal Service and Delayed
Apology
• Thousands of Japanese Americans served
in the US Army.
• In 1988, the US Government formally
apologized and each survivor of the
camps received $20,000.
Winning the War
Chapter 26
Section 4
A Time of Peril
 During 1942, war was raging in Russia
 Stalingrad—bloodiest battle of the War
 At the same time, Japanese forces were
advancing in the Pacific
 General MacArthur—Supreme Commander
of the forces in the Pacific
 MacArthur withdrew from the Philippines but
vowed “I shall return!”
The Tide Turns
 Battle of Midway—
American planes sank
four Japanese aircraft
carriers
Kept Japan from
attacking Hawaii
 Turning point in
the war in the
Pacific

Victories in North Africa
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
General Erwin Rommel—”Desert Fox”—
controlled German and Italian forces
Dwight D. Eisenhower—Supreme Commander
of the Allied forces in Europe
Eisenhower’s forces trapped Rommel’s forces
in Tunisia and the German army surrendered.
Victories in Italy and Russia
 Allies invade Italy



Mussolini was overthrown by the Italians
New Italian Government sided with the Allies,
but Germans continued to fight
Rome was liberated from Nazi control
 Stalingrad—bloodiest battle of the War that
took place in Russia.

Soviet Army pushed the Germans back
Opening a Second Front
 Operation Overlord----code name for the
invasion of Europe
 D-Day—June 6, 1944—Allied troops invaded
Normandy France


Greatest invasion of all time
Within two months, Allies free France from
German control
Advancing on Germany
 Battle of the Bulge—German counterattack
that created a bulge in the Allied lines
 Slowed the Allies but did not stop them
Election of 1944
 FDR ran for a 4th term
 Republican candidate was Tom Dewey
 FDR won the election
 In early April, 1945, FDR died
 Truman takes over
Victory in Europe
 Hitler hid in an underground bunker as he
refusing to accept defeat
 Commits Suicide
 May 7, 1945—Germany Surrenders
 May 8, 1945—V-E Day—the Allies celebrated
Victory in Europe!
Peace At Last
Chapter 26
Section 5
Island Hopping
in the Pacific
Island hopping—capturing the Japanese
islands and using them as stepping stones
toward Japan
 Fierce Japanese resistance
 MacArthur returned to the Philippines
 Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Closing in On Japan
 Kamikaze
pilots—planes loaded with
bombs and a pilot deliberately
crashed into planes and ships
 Allies were bombing Japanese cities
 Japanese would not give up
 An invasion in Japan might cause a
million casualties
Atomic Bomb
 Potsdam
Declaration—
warned Japan they
would face “prompt
and utter destruction”
if they did not
surrender
Dropping the Bomb
 Enola
Gay—dropped atomic bomb on
Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945
 On Aug. 9th a second bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima
 110,000 killed instantly
Japan Surrenders
 August
14, 1945—”V-J Day”—Victory
over Japan
Costs of the War
 Deadliest
War in History
 30-60 million killed
 Soviet Union suffered the most
deaths
Bataan Death March
 Japanese
forced over 60,000
American and Filipino prisoners to
March 100 miles with little food or
water
 Over 10,000 were killed
The Holocaust
 Holocaust—Hitler’s
policy of killing
Jews
 Over 6 million Jews murdered
War Crimes Trials
 Nuremberg
trials
 12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to
death
 Thousands were imprisoned
 Japanese leaders were executed