Transcript Ch 20, Sec 3-5 Life on the Home Front while the War

Ch 20, Sec 3-5 Life on the Home Front
while the War continues in Europe and
Asia
Japanese Americans Relocated
• Attack at Pearl Harbor caused Japanese
Americans to not be trusted
• All Japanese Americans had to move from the
West Coast to internment camps
• Lasted from 1942-1945
Rationing and victory gardens
• Limited how much families could buy
• Blue and red stamps to buy sugar, meat, oil,
fats, coffee, etc
• Make victory gardens for extra food
• Scrap drives to help collect metals/fat for
bombs and weapons
Allies find success
• Summer of 1942-1943, nightly bombings on
Germany
• Allies had total air control of Europe
• Allies moved from North Africa into Italy
– Italy surrendered in Sept, 1943
– Germany took over Northern Italy-cost Allies
300,000 lives to defeat them
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
• 130,000 Allied troops attacked German troops
at Normandy, France
– Heavily fortified the coast against Allies plans
– Attacked Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, and Juno
beaches
• Allies won pushing back the Germans
Pacific Campaign
• Americans had to island hop to push back the
Japanese
– Very dangerous
– Ships could not get close enough to deliver troops
to the beaches-forced to swim in to fight
• Needed islands for bombers to refuel and rearm
Retaking the Philippines: October 1944
• Gen. MacArthur returned to take the islands
with 160,000 troops
• Japanese tried to ambush the Allies but lost
– Used Kamikaze attacks to sink ships
• 80,000 Japanese were killed/1,000
surrendered
The end is near for Germany
• Lost at the Battle of the Bulge
– 100,000 German troops killed by Dec 16, 1944
• Feb 1945, Russian troops 35 miles west of
Berlin
• March 1945, U.S. troops within 70 miles East
of Berlin
• April 30, 1945-Hitler is dead
• May 7, 1945-German surrendered
– Known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Battle for Iwo Jima
• U.S. needed the island for bombers to refuel
• Island of volcanic ash and mountains
• Feb 1945-60,000 Marines attacked
– 6,800 died
• Japanese lost the island
End for Japan in 1945
• U.S. started firebombing Tokyo/other major
cities
• U.S. invaded Okinawa in April 1945
• Japan refused total and unconditional
surrender
Atomic Bombs are used
• August 6, 1945-Anola Gay dropped the first
atomic bomb on Hiroshima
– 80,000-100,000 people died
• August 9, 1945-a second bomb
was dropped on Nagasaki
• August 15, 1945:
– V-J Day (Victory over Japan)
– Japan surrendered
In-Class Activity
• List 5 people that were involved in WW2 on
the home front and what their role was.
• Example: Rosie the Riveter