Transcript WWII – the End - Loudoun County Public Schools

WWII – THE END
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
 August 23, 1942
 Germany suffered huge losses during the winter
 Stalin urged the city never to surrender
 Another winter set in – and the Soviets launched a successful
counterattack
 Only 90,000 Germans surrendered/survived out of a 300,000 army
 1 million Soviets died and the city of Stalingrad was destroyed
ALLIED VICTORY IN
EUROPE
 June 6, 1944
 Under command of general Dwight D. Eisenhower, forces ready
to attack on the beaches of Normandy (D-Day)
 Greatest land and sea attack in history
 Allies had huge casualties but eventually marched into Paris and
liberated France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the
Netherlands
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
 Allies advanced towards Germany from the West
 Soviets advanced towards Germany from the East
 Germany fighting a 2 front war
 March 1945 – Allies entered Germany
 Hitler married his girlfriend and then they both drank poison. He also shot
himself.
 May 7, 1945 – Gen. Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender from Germany
 V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day
VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC
 Allies struggling against Japanese kamikaze – suicide pilots
 Victory at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
 President Truman demands Japan surrender or face a “rain of ruin
from the air”
 Manhattan Project – the building of the atomic bomb
 Heavy decision based on calculation of lives lost if the Allies
entered Japan
THE ATOMIC BOMB
HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI
 August 6, 1945
 August 9, 1945
 Japanese city of 365,000
 City of 200,000
 About 73,000 died in attack
 Killed 37,500
 Radiation = more deaths
 Radiation = more deaths
HIROSHIMA: FACTS
 Ground temperatures: 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit
 Hurricane force winds: 980 mph
 Energy released: 20,000 tons of TNT
 Buildings destroyed: 62,000
 Killed immediately: 70,000
 Dead by end of 1945: 140,000
 Total deaths: 210,000
JAPANESE SURRENDER
 Official surrender Sept. 2,
1945 aboard the USS Missouri to
General Douglas MacArthur in
Tokyo Bay
 VJ Day
DESTRUCTION OF WWII
 40 million Europeans died
 2/3 were civilians
 Billions of dollars in property damage
 London, Warsaw, Berlin all destroyed
 Civilians had no homes, food, jobs, cities
 Famine set in – Berlin 1945 – 4,000 citizens died a day
RECONSTRUCTION IN
GERMANY
 February 1945 – U.S., Britain & Soviet Union met in Yalta
 Agreed to divide Germany and Berlin into zones of occupation,
controlled by Allied forces
 The U.S. and Britain wanted to rebuild the German economy to
help stabilize Europe
 Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak and divided
 Western Berlin and Western Germany will become democratic due
to the aid of W. Europe and the U.S.
 The West will also become an economic power in postwar Europe
 The East, controlled by Stalin will lag behind and become
communist
NUREMBERG TRIALS
 Allies put Nazis on trial
 Nuremberg, Germany – 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial
• Charged with “crimes against humanity”
• 12 sentenced to death
• 11 hung and their bodies burned at Dachau – a
concentration camp
THE UNITED NATIONS
 50 countries
 Goal – protect the members against aggression
 Based in New York
 Each nation could cast their vote on issues
 Security council – 5 permanent members
• Britain, China, France, U.S. & Soviet Union
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
 Established and adopted by the United Nations
 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 to
protect the dignity and rights of all people
 Provide a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the
protection of their government
RECONSTRUCTION IN
JAPAN
 2 million died
 Atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 Tokyo, the capital, also destroyed
 Allies took away Japan’s colonial possessions
 August 15, 1945 – Emperor Hirohito made a radio address urging his
people to stop fighting and begin reconstructing Japan
 Douglas MacArthur took charge of U.S. occupation in Japan
 MacArthur was determined to fairly control Japan but he needed
to make sure his men were safe
 Began process of demilitarization
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Disbanded the Japanese army – eliminated aggressive abilities
Brought war criminals to trial – Hideki Tojo was hung
Created a “safe” Japan
Promised Japan the U.S would keep them safe
MACARTHUR BRINGS
DEMOCRACY & REVIVES
ECONOMY
 The U.S. helped the Japanese create a new constitution that went
into effect May 3, 1947
 Japan now had a Parliamentary Democracy like Britain
 Increased land ownership
 U.S. gave Japan 2 billion dollars
 Japan slowly began to emerge as a dominant economy in Asia