Transcript World War II Review

World War II Review
Japanese-Americans from the west
coast are placed in internment camps
U.S. in depression, begins
selling weapons to allies.
Germany
makes a
move,
starts to
invade
other
areas.
Germany invades
Poland, war!
Germany is
appeased,
and gains
land at the
Munich
Conference
December
7, 1941:
Axis
Japan
Powers
attacks
formed:
Pearl
Italy,
Germany, Harbor.
and Japan U.S.
declares
war.
Allied
Powers
formed.
American troops
fight in Europe
and throughout
the Pacific
(Island Hopping)
Americans at
home ration
supplies and
work in factories.
6/6/1944
D-Day,
The Allies
push the
Axis back
at
Normandy
Victory in
Europe:
5/8/1945
Atomic
Bombs
dropped on
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki
Japan
surrenders
8/14/1945
Munich Conference (1938)
1.) Germany, France and Britain
2.) Hitler said he didn’t want any more
territory, that was enough. France and
Britain said okay = appeasement
Fooled You!
1939 – Hitler invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia!
Axis Powers
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Japan
Military leaders
(Emperor)
www.answers.com
www.users.bigpond.com
Allied Powers
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
France
Charles De Gaulle
Britain
Winston Churchill
United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
United States helps in the war
The Neutrality Act banned the U.S. from
selling goods to warring nations
Changed to “Cash and Carry” plan – U.S.
could sell arms to allies if they paid cash and
carried them in their own ships
What’s the point of that?
Gave Britain 50 old destroyers in exchange for
99 year leases on military bases in
Newfoundland and the Caribbean.
So what did the U.S. get in return for the destroyers?
The U.S. built up its armed forces
FDR was elected to a 3rd term – broke the 2
term precedent set by George Washington – in
1953 an amendment was made to the
Constitution that made serving more than 2
consecutive terms illegal!
Lend-Lease Act
Allowed loans or sales of arms to countries
vital for the defense of the United States
FDR urged Americans to support the “Four
Freedoms”
1. freedom of speech
2. freedom of worship
3. freedom from want
4. freedom from fear
December 7, 1941
“A day which will live in infamy.”
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
The Japanese surprise attack on
Pearl Harbor was a turning point
for the United States. Congress
declared war on Japan the
following day, and joined the
Allied forces against the Axis forces.
Photograph taken from a Japanese plane during the torpedo attack on ships at Ford
Island. The explosion is from a torpedo strike on the USS West Virginia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
Japanese-Americans
WWII
-Discriminated against after the attacks on
Pearl Harbor
-Relocated from the West Coast into
internment camps
Why? It was an issue of national security!
During World War II, over 100,000 JapaneseAmerican individuals, the vast majority of
which were actually American citizens, were
rounded up and shipped eventually to
internment camps. These consisted of poorlyconstructed barracks surrounded by barbed
wire, sentry posts and armed guards.
genealogytrails.com/ww2/PearlHarborPhoto02.jpg
www.mindfully.org/Reform/2006/Bush-Detention-...
www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp.html
They were put
in these camps
because either
they or their
parents or
ancestors were
from Japan
and, as such,
they were
deemed a
"threat" to
national
security.
Japanese-American Camps
The Japanese were
easy to identify
because of their
appearance. There
was no similar largescale roundups of
German or ItalianAmericans, even
though we were also
fighting them
during World War II.
www.ymca.net/.../member_news_2006_12_page_2.
html
Korematsu v. United States
(1944)
In Korematsu v. United
States, the Supreme
Court held that the
wartime internment of
American citizens of
Japanese descent was
constitutional.
The War Effort at Home
 Women worked in factories producing
airplanes, tanks, and ships. “Rosie the
Riveter” is a symbol of their
accomplishments.
 Many bought war bonds or planted
victory gardens.
 Everyone received ration books that
limited their use of everyday items.
Rationing – Limiting the amounts of
goods people could buy
What is the point of rationing???
During World War II…
Save…
30,000 razor blades
30 lipstick tubes
2,300 pairs of nylons
1 pound of fat
2,500 tons tin, and
190,000 tons steel
Can Be Made Into…
50 machine guns
20 ammunition cartridges
1 parachute
1/3 pound of gunpowder
5,000 tanks
June, 1944: D-Day Invasion
 The Allies made a sneak attack on
the beaches of Normandy (North
Western France).
 3 Million troops were led by General
Eisenhower
 It was tough – but the Allies won!
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944
Germany fights back and pushes part
of the Allie force back
V-E Day: May 8, 1945
The Allied Forces are victorious in Europe.
Europe has to rebuild, and the U.S. has to
finish the war with Japan.
War with Japan
The U.S. fought Japan throughout
the Pacific.
“Island Hopping” is a
nickname for the
strategy of capturing
Japanese-controlled
islands one by one.
Tough Decisions
Franklin D. Roosevelt died in April,
1945 and It was up to his Vice
President, Harry Truman, to end the
war.
Problem: Japan wouldn’t surrender!
They were ruthless and it seemed the
only option was to invade Japan…which
could lead to thousands of American
casualties. Was there another way to
end this terrible war???
The United States was secretly testing a
new weapon; a weapon SO powerful people
weren’t even sure of the possible
consequences.
Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan to force them to surrender. In
July, 1945 he warned Japan to surrender
or be destroyed (but he didn’t mention
the bomb..). The response: No!
August 6, 1945: The Enola Gay
bombed Hiroshima (a Japanese port
city).
Result: Japan doesn’t surrender.
70,000 are killed…and counting!
August 9, 1945: Nagasaki bombed.
Result: 40,000 killed…and counting!
Japan Surrendered on August 14th.
Results of World War II
 “Deadliest War in History” 30-60 million dead
 Almost 12 million victims of the Holocaust,
those responsible charged at the Nuremberg
Trials
 Israel established as a homeland for Jews
More Results…
United Nations replaced League of Nations
Germany broke into zones controlled by Allies
Japan “rebuilt” by the Allies
THE COLD WAR – Nuclear arms
race between United States and
the Soviet Union