Transcript 2 Major Events of WW2 and the US Homefrontx - madison-hipp

US HISTORY
OBJECTIVES 10.02 AND 10.03
US Enters WWII
•
After Pearl Harbor
on December 7,
1941
• Production for war
will result in US
coming out of the
Great Depression
US Offensive in Europe
•
Operation Torch
• November 1942
• Invade Northern Africa (land taken by Italy)
•
Operation Husky
• July 1943
• Allies invade Italy
• Benito Mussolini no longer in power
Operation
Husky
Operation
Torch
Operation Overlord- D-day
•
Allied invasion of Northern France
• France was occupied by Nazi Germany
• Invade Normandy, France
• Allied forces- mainly American and British
• Most famous invasion of WWII
• Clear beach for Allied forces
• Advance through France and Belgium toward
Germany
• Liberate (free) France and other nations along
the way
D-Day Videos
Allies close in on Hitler and
Germany
• Allied forces advance through France
• American and British forces
• Soviet forces advance through Poland
• Allied forces advance through Italy
• American and British forces
• Turning Point
• Battle of the Bulge in Belgium
• May 8, 1945
• V-E Day (Victory in Europe)- Germany officially
surrenders
War in the Pacific
•
Led by General Douglas MacArthur
• Use theory of “island hopping”
• Take control of islands in Pacific Ocean on
their way to mainland Japan
•
Turning Point
• Battle of Midway
•
Final islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
captured in early 1945
Truman’s Decision
• Harry Truman
• Becomes President in 1945 after FDR dies in office
• Decision
• Invade Japan
• Try to get them to surrender peacefully
• Use atomic weapons
• Developed using the Manhattan Project
• Use Atomic Weapons for 3 reasons
• Japan will not surrender peacefully
• Invading Japan would result in American lives lost
• Atomic Bomb would bring about a quick end to the war
• Drop 2 atomic bombs
• August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 on Nagasaki
• September 2, 1945- V-J Day (Victory in Japan)- surrender
Atomic Bomb Videos
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Other World War II Events
•
4 Conferences
• Atlantic Charter- alliance between US and
Britain
• Tehran Conferences- leaders of US (FDR),
Britain (Churchill) and Soviet Union (Stalin)
• 1943
• Made plans for D-day invasion in France
• Agree to divide Germany after war
Conferences Cont.
• Yalta Conference
• February 1945- Again Big 3 leaders
• Divide Germany into 4 zones after war
• Soviets agree to join war in Japan
• Agree to form a United Nations to keep peace
• Potsdam Conference
• August 1945- Again Big 3 leaders
• Talks don’t go well
• Truman is now President (he and Stalin disagree)
• Soviets insist on being able to keep land in Eastern
Europe (Poland)
• Lead to division in Europe
• West- democratic
• East- communist under Soviet control
Map of Post-WWII Europe
US HISTORY
GOAL 10.03
World War II and the American Homefront
Increase Military
• Selective Service Act
• Requires men of a certain age to register for
draft
• Over 10 million soldiers will be drafted
• Women
• Be allowed to serve as nurses, ambulance
drivers, radio operators, other non-combat jobs
• Minorities
• US military segregated
• Minorities- Mexicans, Chinese and Blacks join
• Eventually some see combat
Labor and Economic Recovery
•
Industries begin to produce for war in
1942
• Automobile plants- tanks, planes, boats
•
Over 6 million women enter workforce
• Over 2 million minorities enter workforce
Government control of
Economy
•
Office of Price Administration
• Ration food and freeze wages and prices
•
National War Labor Board
• Allowed benefits (vacation) for workers
•
War Production Board
• Ration fuel and materials like gasoline and
metals
•
Department of the Treasury
• Sold and issued War Bonds
Economic Prosperity
•
Unemployment falls to 1.2% in 1944
• Farmers prosper
• Better machinery, fertilizers
• Production increases 50%
•
Population Movements
• Great Migration to the North
• Move to California from South
GI Bill
•
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
• Known as GI Bill
• Returning soldiers get money to go to
college or get job training
• Also gave low interest loans for buying
homes or starting businesses
• Result in many Americans going to college
Japanese Internment
•
Following Pearl Harbor, fear of attacks
on West Coast
• US will relocate Japanese citizens living
there to internment camps
• Many Japanese will lose their
businesses and possessions
• Create Anti-Japanese feelings in the
United States
Map
Signs and
Video
Korematsu vs. US (1944)
•
US Supreme Court Case
• Following Pearl Harbor, civil rights and
liberties of Japanese Americans taken
away
• Korematsu will sue for rights
• US Supreme Court will rule that
internment was constitutional due to
military necessity (clear and present
danger clause)
World War II Propaganda
•
Goals
• Promote conservation of fuel and food
• Sell bonds to finance the war
• Promote the US Armed Forces and
convince people to join the military
Rosie the Riveter
•Used to encourage women to
do their part by working in
factories and help industries
build for the war effort
•Women were not allowed to
join the military
Military Posters
Rationing
War Bonds