Transcript Toward Victory Section 4 - United States History

Toward Victory
Section 4
VI- Victory in Europe
A. Stalin urges Americans + British to
open up a “second front” by invading
France.
1. Roosevelt and Churchill did not
believe their forces were strong
enough.
a. Decide on removing Italy from the
war instead
B. July 1943 American + British troops
cross Mediterranean Sea from
Tunisia.
1. Quickly gained control of Sicily
2. Mussolini is taken out of office
a. Sep. 8 1943 new gov’t surrendered to
the Allies
1) German troops in Italy continue to fight
C. 1944 Allies were prepared to invade
France under Gen. Eisenhower
1. June 6, 1944 (D-Day) 155,000
American, British & Canadian
troops cross English Channel
a. landed on 5 beaches at
Normandy
1. 4 of 5 successful
2. Omaha beach unsuccessful
a. 2,500 U.S. deaths
b. Aug 25, 1944 Allies enter Paris
D. Battle of the Bulge - Dec 16, 1944
Germans attack Belgium
1. Bad weather limited U.S. air support
2. German troops push against Allied
lines creating a bulge
3. Nearly break through before running
out of supplies and fuel
a. Allies win despite heavy losses
1. Germany vulnerable at East &
West
E. Invasion of Germany
1. Jan 1945 – Soviets attack from east,
Allies from west.
2. April 1945 Soviets reach Berlin
a. ground and air attack by Allies
3. With Nazi empire crumbling, Hitler
commits suicide
4. May 8 1945 Germany surrenders
a. known as V-E Day
F. Death of Roosevelt
1. April 12 1945 amidst invasion of
Germany Roosevelt suffers stroke and
dies
2. Harry S. Truman takes office
VII-Victory in the Pacific
A. Island hopping
1.U.S. forces sought to gain control of
strategic islands on route to
Japan’s mainland.
2. Guadalcanal
a. fierce fighting by Japan- die
rather than surrender
3. Iwo Jima + Okinawa
a. Kamikaze- suicide missions
1. convinced U.S. that
invasion of Japan was
the only way to win the war.
B. The Atomic Bomb
1. As Truman prepared an invasion of
Japan he learns about the Manhattan
Project
a. Successful development of an
Atomic Bomb
1. Aug. 6 1945- Hiroshima
2. Aug. 9 1945- Nagasaki
3. Aug. 14 1945- Japan
announces surrender
4. Sept. 2 1945 surrender (VJ Day)
VIII- The Holocaust
A. Nazi victims- Hitler’s final solution
1. Genocide- attempt to wipe out an
entire nation or group of people
2. Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies,
Communists, mentally and
physically disabled.
B. Death Camps
1.system of mass murder and torture
a. 6 camps built in Poland
b. hundreds in gas chambers at
a time
c. cruel torture and medical
experiments
C. War Crime trials
1. Allies took unprecedented step in
prosecuting leaders of the losing side of
war
a. trial for war crimes
1. acts of cruelty and brutality
beyond the rules of war
and human behavior
b. Germans prosecuted at
Nuremburg
1. 12 Nazis sentenced to
death by hanging
c. similar trials in Japan
IX- WWII Aftermath- the Cold War
A. Stalin builds a communist ring or “Iron
Curtain” to insulate the Soviet Union
from western Europe
1. most eastern European
countries became satellites
a. country ruled by another
nation
B. Truman Doctrine
1. U.S. will support any nation under
threat from Communist powers
a. policy of containment of
communism
C. Berlin
1. Allies had split Germany in 4ths
a. American, British, French,
Soviet
2. Berlin also split
3. 1948 Western Allies want
reunification of Germany
a. Stalin opposes + blockades
Berlin
b. Hopes allies will give-in to
Soviet control
4. Berlin airlift-Allied cargo planes
airdrop tons of supplies for a year
D. Germany Divided
1. Allies unify territorya. becomes West Germany
2. Soviet zone becomes East
Germany
3. Thousands flee to W. Germany
a. East German gov’t builds
a wall dividing the city
b. Berlin Wall stood for 28
yrs. as a symbol of divided
Europe
E. Alliances
1. Allies form NATO (North
Atlantic treaty org.)
2. Soviet & Satellites= Warsaw
Pact
F. Bad News in 1949
1. Soviets develop Atomic Bomb
2. revolution in China leads to
Communist take over