Transcript World War II 1939-1945 “A day that will live in infamy”

World War II
1939-1945
“A day that will live in infamy”
Set the tone….
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Fascism is when government controls the
economy, culture, and all parts of people’s lives
Dictators are rulers who have total control of a
country and its people.
The Great Depression ruined many countries
economies and many people had no jobs and
were suffering trying to survive
Powerful Dictators
Adolf Hitler
 Claimed he
knew how to
solve Germany’s
problems
He formed the Nazi party (National Socialists)
He built a powerful military
He was influential to other dictators
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Others Dictators….
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Benito Mussolini and Hirohito and Joseph Stalin
Italy
Japan
USSR
Churchill and FDR
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Democratic Leaders
Great Britain and US
Hitler’s Germany
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Hitler blamed Jewish people for Germany’s
problems
He gave influential powerful speeches
convincing people that he knew how to “fix”
the economy and make Germany a powerful
nation again
Formed an alliance with Italy and Japan as they
all began invading other countries
Secrets don’t make friends
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Hitler made a secret agreement with Joseph
Stalin of the USSR/Soviet Union
Both men promised not to attack each other’s
countries
Poland Invasion
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Hitler invaded small countries to practice
He promised to stop but lied
On Sept 1, 1939 Nazis invaded Poland
Great Britain and France (Allies team) declared
war on Germany knowing Hitler would
eventually attack them too
Italy and Japan declared war on the Allies
The war had begun
America stayed neutral?
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Most Americans practiced isolationism and
refused to get involved
FDR helped the British with supplies and
equipment though
Knowing the US was the only one to stop Japan
for invading, they attacked us at Pearl Harbor on
Dec 7, 1941
Now America had joined the war with the Allies
Pearl Harbor
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Japan had conquered many Asian countries first
The U.S. Navy base in Hawaii suffered terrible
damage and thousands of soldiers and sailors
died
After America declared war on Japan, Italy and
Germany declared war on America
Axis vs. Allies
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Axis powers consisted of Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied powers consisted of Britain, France and
eventually the U.S.
Other allies joined both team until almost every
country on our globe was fighting
Lesson 1 Review
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Know your vocabulary
Know your leaders and their affiliated countries
Know you timeline
Know why the war started
Know why the U.S. entered the war
Describe the events around Pearl Harbor attack
Locate Hawaii and Japan on a map
The U.S. Home Front
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To mobilize for war, the U.S. needed people and
supplies
More than 15 million Americans served in the
war-some joined while others were drafted
American factories that had made cars and
appliances now began to make supplies,
uniforms and equipment for soldiers
This effort ended the Great Depression as
mostly women went back to work
Airplane Production
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Allies and Axis powers made about 30,000
planes
1941 Allies made about 10,000 more
By 1943, Allies made 150,000 planes and the
Axis made 40,000
In the end, around 1945, both decreased
airplane production significantly
The U.S. built over 350,000
during the war
Scientists
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New technologies were invented to improve the
helicopter and airplane design
Radar was developed and used to locate
airplanes and ships and enemies
Created the atomic bomb that eventually ended
the war
U.S. government spent hundreds of billions of
dollars on war supplies
U.S. Sacrifices
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Organizations packed supplies for soldiers
Children recycled metal for war products
Meat, sugar, and gas were rationed
Families planted victory gardens since most of
farmer’s food went to the soldiers
Changes in Art
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Newspapers, radio, television and even movie
newsreels informed Americans of war events
Paintings, books, movies, plays were about the
war
Music was written about the war
Many political cartoons
were written about
the war too
Japanese Americans
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After Pearl Harbor, Americans worried that
Japanese Americans would help Japan in the war.
FDR ordered over 100,000 Japanese (American
citizens) into internment camps until after the
war.
Thousands of other Japanese fought for the U.S.
Lesson 2 Review
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Know vocabulary, names of people, and
timeline
Know about the U.S. workforce
Know how scientists contributed to the war
effort
Know why internment camps were made in the
U.S.
Locate Germany, Italy and Japan on a map
Propaganda
Interpret these…..
Germanys strategy
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Axis powers caught much of the world by
surprise with their powerful and well equipped
militaries.
Hitler and the Nazis quickly conquered most of
Europe.
Hitler broke his promise with Stalin and even
attacked the Soviet Union.
Other strategies
Japan took control of much of the Pacific
region, including the Philippines.
 Italy was moving into Africa
 Many new
weapons were
used in all areas
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Allies strategy
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Began in North Africa near the Sahara desert
Germans and Italians retreated within the year
Allies moved to Sicily, Italy on the
Mediterranean Sea
While the Allies pushed Axis powers out of
Italy, Germany suffered major losses with the
Soviet Union
By 1944, Germny was in trouble due to Allies air
power
D Day
Normandy, France
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Eisenhower led a million soldiers to the beaches
of France to begin moving towards Germany
from the west
Soviets were moving towards Germany from the
east
May 1945 Germany surrendered
May 8th was declared VE Day (Victory in
Europe)
Allies focus on Japan
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WWII continued in the Pacific ocean as Japan
had taken over parts of Asia
Battle of Midway-critical win for Allies-U.S. sank
4 Japanese aircraft carriers and many airplanes
Island hopping was used to liberate individual
island which moved the U.S. closer to Japan
Navajo Indian code talkers used secret code so
that Japanese couldn’t spy and understand
messages
Iwo Jima
Allies freed New Guinea, Iwo Jima and many
more islands
 Japanese lost major battle in the Gulf of Leyte
that crippled their navy in future battles
 Famous photo of U.S. Marines
raising our flag on the island
of Iwo Jima
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VJ Day
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Victory in Japan August 6, 1945 when U.S.
President Truman chose dropping the atomic
bomb instead of a military invasion
A bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan and
killed nearly 100,000 people
Another bomb dropped 3 days later on
Nagasaki, Japan which resulted in Hirohito
surrendering
WWII ended August 14, 1945
Atomic bomb
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Pilot quote: “ We turned back to look at
Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful
cloud…”
The Holocaust
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As the fighting ended, U.S. soldiers discovered a
horror of war in Germany
Millions of innocent Jewish men, women, and
children were sent to concentration camps
where they were forced to work, beaten, starved,
experimented on, and killed for no reason
All Jews in countries taken over by Hitler were
arrested or killed
Churchill said….
“the greatest and most horrible crime ever
committed in the whole history of the world”
Auschwitz
Lesson 3 Review
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Know vocabulary, timeline and important names
Know significant battles
Describe D Day, VE Day and VJ Day
Know the significance of island hopping and
Navajo code talkers
Know the reason WWII ended
Describe the events of the Holocaust
Locate Normandy and Japan on a map
The Cold War
WWII ended but the Cold War began
 U.S. and USSR worked to win WWII but too
many differences pushed them apart quickly
after the war.
 Two years after WWII, the U.S. and USSR were
fighting a war with words and ideas
“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words
will never hurt me” ? Not true!
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Capitalism
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U.S. lived under capitalism where
citizens/businesses control production of goods
and services based on consumers’ choices
(supply and demand)
It’s also referred to as a market economy
meaning citizens make most economic decisions
Citizens are protected with rights and freedoms
People have control by voting on their leaders
Communism
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USSR (Soviet Union) lived under communism
where the government controls production and
owns the nation’s natural and capital resources
It is also referred to as a command economy
because the govt makes most economic
decisions and controls what will be produced
Citizens had few rights or freedoms
People had no control
Iron Curtain
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After WWII, the Allies controlled western half
of Germany while the USSR/Soviets controlled
eastern half of the country.
However, Germany’s capital, Berlin was located
in the east so it was also divided.
Allies controlled West Berlin and the Soviets
controlled East Berlin
So West was democratic and free; east was
communist under Stalin’s dictatorship
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Churchill nicknamed the wall that separated east
and west Berlin the Iron Curtain which quickly
became the symbol of the differences of
communist and non communist countries
NATO
Truman created an alliance called the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization to help other
countries protect themselves from communism
 NATO countries hoped this will keep the Soviet
Union from forcing communism on other
countries
“I believe that we must assist free people to work
out their own destinies in their own way”
- Harry Truman
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Berlin struggles
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The city of Berlin was the heart of the Cold
War
Soviets attempted to take over the whole city but
the Allies refused to leave
No transportation to west Berlin = no supplies
or food
Berlin Airlift was when Allies flew airplanes over
west Berlin and dropped tons of food and
supplies to trapped people
Berlin Airlift
“The sound of the engines was like music to our
ears”
-West Berlin citizen
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Interpret this political cartoon of the Berlin
Airlift in West Berlin during the Cold War
Lesson 4 Review
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Know vocabulary, important names and dates
and timeline
Compare and contrast Capitalism and
Communism
Describe the purpose of the Berlin Wall
Describe the purpose of NATO
Locate the USSR area on a map
China becomes RED
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Soviets spread communism to large parts of
Europe after WWII. U.S. feared further spread.
Soviets helped Mao Zedong lead China to
communism.
Nuclear War
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Soviets built an atomic bomb too after WWII
Arms/Weapons race between the two countries
began with the two countries building bigger
and better bombs
People around the world feared nuclear war
which could destroy all life
Anti-communism
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A time when people tried to stop the spread of
communism
U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy was an
anticommunist and he accused other politicians
of being communist and spying on the U.S.
Hundreds lost jobs
Korean War
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United Nations (UN) was formed after WWIIincluded more than 50 nations with a goal of
world peace
Korea was divided after WWII-South Korea was
democratic supported by U.S. while North
Korea was communist supported by the Soviets
(similar to Berlin)
1950 North Korea invaded South Korea
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U.S. convinced the UN to defend South Korea
so soldiers from 16 nations joined the fight with
the U.S.
American Douglas MacArthur led the UN
forces and pushed North Korea out of South
Korea
China sent soldiers to help North Korea which
kept the war going for 3 years
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Thousands of soldiers died on both sides
Finally, both sides agreed to stop fighting and
the war ended
North Korea remained communist and
separated from South Korea
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Cuba (90 miles from the U.S.) became
communist also in 1959 under Fidel Castro
In 1962, the U.S. discovered that the Soviet
Union secretly put powerful missiles in Cuba
pointed towards the U.S.
U.S. President John Kennedy (JFK) feared an
attack so ordered a blockade of Cuba
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Kennedy sent U.S. warships south to surround
the island of Cuba and to prevent anymore
Soviet ships from getting to Cuba
Nuclear war seemed inevitable
A compromise was made: Kennedy promised
not to attack Cuba if the Soviets would remove
their missiles
Both leaders agreed to finally work together now
Lesson 5 Review
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Know vocabulary, names, and timeline
Describe the arms race between America and
the Soviets
Describe all events of the Korean War
Describe all events of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Find Cuba on a map
Test Time
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A+
WWII: name sides, purpose, new weapons,
changes in the U.S., Dday, Holocaust, Berlin Wall
Korean War: name sides and alliances, purpose,
ending
Cuban Missile Crisis: name sides and alliances,
purpose, strategy, ending
Know vocabulary, names of leaders, and maps