Transcript power point 35

MR. LIPMAN’S APUS
POWERPOINT
CHAPTER 35
World War II
Keys to the Chapter
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Get Germany First
Suspension of Civil Rights at Home
War Production Board (economy)
Increased Taxation and Deficit Spending
Executive Order on Discrimination
Key Military Battles
The Big 3 Conferences (Teheran, Yalta & Potsdam)
V-E Day and V-J Day
 Attack
on Pearl Harbor unites country but
America needs military provisions and
supplies.
 Despite
attack by Japanese, it is agreed
that stopping Hitler takes priority
 Suspension
Americans
of Civil Rights – Japanese
Japanese-Americans in an
Internment Camp
 Korematsu
v. US (1944)
• Upheld constitutionality of Japanese internment
 1988
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– US government apologized
Payment of $20,000 made to each survivor
Non-citizen Germans and Italians were also
forced to register.
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US economy changed because of the war
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Run by War Production Board
Massive military orders ended Depression
*Manufacture of nonessential items stopped
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• National speed limit; gasoline rationing
• Synthetic rubber factories
Farm laborers left to work in factories
Machinery increases productivity
Problems include inflation; rationing; wage
controls on workers; anti-strike laws
US Wartime Production
 Women
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and the war
6 million women worked outside home
• Government-run day-care centers
• Experienced new freedom
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After war many women left labor force
• Some forced out to make room for men
• Suburban family life and baby boom after war
Bracero Program brings Mexican farm workers into
California to replace field hands who left for war
“Rosie the
Riveter”
does “her”
part for the
war effort
 Race became national issue
 Blacks start to demand equality
(employment, housing, end segregation)
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A. Philip Randolph threatened march on
Washington to demand equal opportunities
• FDR issued executive order
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Blacks drafted but subject to segregation
Double “V” – victory over dictators abroad
and racism at home
 Postwar
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migration of African Americans
1940s – 1970s – 1/2 of all blacks gave up
South for urban centers in North
• Many Native Americans leave
reservations for war work or
military service
War Introduces the Era of Big Government
 Paying
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for the war ($330B)
Income tax
• Expanded to tax 4 times number of people
• Raised to high of 90% (on the very rich)
• Debt increased from $49 to $259 billion during war
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Introduction of “warfare-welfare state”
• Postwar economy continued to depend
dangerously on war spending for its health
The National Debt, 1930–1950
Military Aspect of WWII
 Japan’s
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early successes in the Pacific:
Guam, Wake, and Philippines
Hong Kong
British Malaya (rubber and tin)
Burma
Dutch East-Indies (oil)
Philippines (April, 1942) and MacArthur vows
“return”
• Bataan Death March follows capture of islands
US Prisoners Carrying Soldiers Who Had Dropped
Along the Way on the Bataan Death March
USA TURNS THE TIDE IN THE PACIFIC
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Coral Sea in May, 1942
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Midway, June 1942
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Guadalcanal, landing August, 1942, but not
capture until February, 1943
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Losses were 10 (Jap) to 1 (U.S.)–
 20,000 to 1,700 on Guadalcanal
World War II in the Pacific,
1941-1942
 Leapfrogging
(aka island hopping) strategy
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Bypass heavily fortified Japanese islands
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Attack Japanese bases with heavy bombing
 Taking
every island would have taken
much longer and cost many more lives
 SITUATION
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IN EUROPE - Fall of 1942
Air bombing raids hit inside Germany
Allies push back Rommel in North Africa
Russians stop German troops from advancing
past Stalingrad and Hitler makes big mistake
in not allowing Germans to retreat and
regroup.
Despite success FDR unable to keep promise
of opening a second front in Europe to help
Russia
Germans
Stopped at
Stalingrad Winter
1942-43
----------This will become
the turning point
of the war on the
Eastern Front
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November 1942 – Operation Torch
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Eisenhower led Allied forces to victory in North Africa
Allies move to Southern Europe in 1943
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August 1943 – Italy surrendered
September 1943 – German troops rescue Mussolini
from exile and put him back in power in northern Italy
where German troops control country. Italy itself
switches sides and joins the Allies but doesn’t mean
much since Germany controls the Country.
Germany will not surrender Italy until May, 1945
The “Big 3” at Teheran (IRAN) in November 1943Agreement on 2nd Front & future Russian help with Japan
D-Day: June 6, 1944
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4,600 ships across English Channel
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Germans believed attack would come further north
Allies blocked reinforcements by railroad
Allied troops slowly move in to France and
eventually drive to Germany
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August 1944 – Paris liberated
Non stop bombing of Germany will begin in fall 1944
Invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944
Battle of the
Bulge
Dec. 1944–
Jan. 1945
------------Germany’s
Last Gasp
Bombed-Out Berlin, May 1945
Soviet Soldiers Raise Flag of USSR
over the Reichstag in Berlin
Adolf Hitler
and Eva Braun
---------------They will both
commit suicide
April 30th in
the “Bunker”
----------18 days after
death of FDR
 The
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Holocaust
Troops find evidence of the murder of 12
million people (including 6 million Jews)
US had known of genocide, but not the extent
Allies had done little to help the Jews
• Barred Jewish immigrants who sought to escape
May 7, 1945 – Germany surrendered unconditionally
 May
8, 1945 – V-E (Victory in Europe) Day
Liberated Concentration Camp Prisoners
several days after being fed
Victims of
the
Holocaust
Awaiting
Burial
German Concentration Camps
Battles in the Pacific
 US
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surrounds Japan
Islands used as bases to attack from the air
March 1945 – island of Iwo Jima
• Fierce fighting left 4,000 US casualties
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April – June 1945 – island of Okinawa
• Japanese fight fiercely; 50,000 US casualties
• Japanese Kamikaze pilots used against ships
Raising the American Flag on Iwo Jima
{the second time}
Atlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam- July
1945- Planning for Japan Invasion
 The Manhattan Project
 FDR approved it in early 1940
 $2 billion spent
 Use exiled scientists from Europe
 July 16, 1945 – first atomic bomb tried New
Mexico
 Germany tried but abandoned similar project
 War against Germany ended before bomb
was ready
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DEBATE CONTINUES SHOULD WE HAVE
INVADED OR RIGHT TO DROP BOMBS?
 Arguments
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for use of Bomb
Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an
invasion would be needed to end the war.
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Estimated invasion would take up to 2 years.
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Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million
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Japanese leaders told of power and nature of
the bomb and offered a chance to surrender
but declined.
 Arguments
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against use of Bomb
"Little Boy" and "Fat Man" were untested
Both cities were not military targets and many
civilians would be killed.
Radiation poisoning, birth defects and contamination
would have negative effects on the population.
Would set a precedent about using weapons of mass
destruction as allowable in war
Fat Man and Little Boy
Destruction in Hiroshima 9/6/45
Death and Injury from Bombs
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August 8, 1945 – USSR enters the war against
Japan and Japan surrenders August 14th
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Exact date previously agreed upon by Allies
(90 days after fall of Germany)
Soviet armies grab land in Manchuria and
Korea for post war territorial influence
Stalin wanted armies in Asia to have voice in
peace settlement after war
• {could he see the cold war coming?}
August
14,
1945
V-J Day
in
Times
Square
Japan Official Surrender: September 2, 1945
Human Cost of World War II