Transcript The Allied Victory

The Allied Victory
How do the Allies defeat the Axis Powers?
D-Day: Invasion of Normandy (European War)
General Eisenhower is named Allied Supreme Commander in Europe
June 6 1944: Allies launch an invasion of the beaches in N. France
150K allied troops land: 2700 killed on first day (D-Day)
One month later, one million more Allied troops arrive – Allies winning
Great Britain
August: German army begins to retreat east
Aug 25: Allied Army liberates Paris. De Gaulle & France are back!
Allied army continues to push Germany from the west
Soviet army is pushing from the east
Map Time!
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
•Dec 1944: last ditch attempt, Hitler decides to counterattack in the west
•Battle of the Bulge:Germans break weak American line at Ardennes
http://www.youtube.co
•Attack catches Allies by surprise – Germans do well early m/watch?v=8a8fqGpH
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•Jan 1945:Allied troops win Battle of Bulge, Mar 45: FDR dies in America
April 1945: 3 million Allied troops cross the Rhine River into Germany
Six million Soviet troops are pushing from the east
Hitler and his closest associates are in his private bunker
After marrying his girlfriend Eva Braun, Hitler & Braun commit suicide
Propaganda minister Goebbels & SS Chief Himmler commit suicide
Suicide
Suicide
Suicide
•May 7, 1945: Germany unconditionally surrenders to Eisenhower
The Pacific War
Allies & Chinese Army (Mao & Chiang) liberate Korea & China –
Japan now using Kamikaze pilots to defend remaining territory
March 1945: After a month of bitter fighting, the Allies take the island
of Iwo Jima (over 18K-Japan, 7K-Allies killed)
Next, Allies take island of Okinawa, 350 miles south of Japan
Okinawa is one of the bloodiest battles of the war: 100K Japanese &
12K Allied troops killed in a month and a half of fighting
Despite the heavy casualties, Japan refuses to surrender. Allies
preparing for a full-scale invasion of Japan
Map Time!
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
The Japanese Surrender
Advisors warn Truman that
invasion of Japan will cost many
lives
He has alternative: the atomic
bomb
Manhattan Project—a secret
program to develop the atomic
bomb
Hiroshima bombed August 6,
1945; about 75,000 die
Nagasaki bombed August 9,
1945: 70,000 die
Japan surrenders September 2,
1945
Section 5
Europe and Japan
in Ruins
World War II cost millions of human lives and
billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe
and Japan in ruins.
NEXT
SECTION
5
Europe and Japan in Ruins
Devastation in Europe
A Harvest of Destruction
Chart
• Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war
• Many people displaced by war and peace
agreements
Misery Continues After the War
• Lack of food, destruction of roads, factories lead to
hardship
• Many people suffer from hunger, disease after war
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SECTION
5
Postwar Governments and Politics
Need for New Leaders
• Many conquered countries went back to old
governments
• New leaders needed in Germany, Italy, and
France
• Communist parties make gains in Italy, France by
promising change
• Communist interest fades as economies recover
The Nuremberg Trials
• Nuremberg Trials—trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war
crimes
• Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions
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SECTION
5
Postwar Japan
Serious Damage
• In war, Japan loses two million people; severe
damage to many cities
Occupied Japan
• MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan
• Starts process of demilitarization—disbanding
Japan’s armed forces
• Also launches democratization—creating
democracy in Japan
• Japanese people adopt new constitution in 1947
• MacArthur puts economic reforms in place
NEXT
SECTION
5
Occupation Brings Deep Changes
Changing Japanese Society
• Emperor kept on, but he loses power and
becomes figurehead
• Japanese people elect two-house legislature
• Bill of rights guarantees freedoms; women also
have right to vote
• Constitution says Japan cannot attack another
country
• In 1951, peace treaty with Japan signed; U.S.
occupation ends
• U.S. and Japan become allies
NEXT
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Section 5
Europe and Japan
in Ruins
World War II cost millions of human lives and
billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe
and Japan in ruins.
NEXT
SECTION
5
Europe and Japan in Ruins
Devastation in Europe
A Harvest of Destruction
Chart
• Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war
• Many people displaced by war and peace
agreements
Misery Continues After the War
• Lack of food, destruction of roads, factories lead to
hardship
• Many people suffer from hunger, disease after war
NEXT
SECTION
5
Postwar Governments and Politics
Need for New Leaders
• Many conquered countries went back to old
governments
• New leaders needed in Germany, Italy, and
France
• Communist parties make gains in Italy, France by
promising change
• Communist interest fades as economies recover
The Nuremberg Trials
• Nuremberg Trials—trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war
crimes
• Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions
NEXT
SECTION
5
Postwar Japan
Serious Damage
• In war, Japan loses two million people; severe
damage to many cities
Occupied Japan
• MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan
• Starts process of demilitarization—disbanding
Japan’s armed forces
• Also launches democratization—creating
democracy in Japan
• Japanese people adopt new constitution in 1947
• MacArthur puts economic reforms in place
NEXT
SECTION
5
Occupation Brings Deep Changes
Changing Japanese Society
• Emperor kept on, but he loses power and
becomes figurehead
• Japanese people elect two-house legislature
• Bill of rights guarantees freedoms; women also
have right to vote
• Constitution says Japan cannot attack another
country
• In 1951, peace treaty with Japan signed; U.S.
occupation ends
• U.S. and Japan become allies
NEXT