Transcript Allies Are Victorious - Mrs. Macdonald`s History

Allies Are Victorious
Macdonald
World History
Setting the Stage
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Dec. 22, 1941 (just after Pearl Harbor) Pres.
Roosevelt & Winston Churchill met to discuss
strategy to win war
Stalin joined Allied powers after Hitler
attacked
Asked Allies to attack Germany from East to
force Hitler to divide troops
North African Campaign
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German General Rommel conquered much
of N. Africa in 1942
Allies sent General Bernard Montgomery to
counter Rommel
Fought in Battle of El Alamein in Egypt & w/
fresh British troops & supplies, Montgomery
(Allies) forced Rommel to retreat
Map North Africa
North African Campaign
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After Allies pushed Rommel back, planned
Operation Torch
Huge Allied force (mostly American) landed in
North Africa and US General Dwight D.
Eisenhower led campaign that crushed
Rommel’s force
North Africa free of German control
Battle for Stalingrad
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Hitler had broken non-aggression pact & invaded
Soviet Union
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Advanced as far as Stalingrad, then Soviets
started fighting back
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Hitler interested in Stalingrad b/c many oil fields
and a major industrial center
Battle of Stanlingrad
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Battle of Stalingrad began in 1942
Luftwaffe went on nightly bombing raids that
set city on fire
W/in 3 months, Hitler controlled 90% of city,
but then winter set it
In Nov, Soviets launched counterattack,
surrounded the city and cut off supplies
Germans cold, w/ no supplies & forced to
surrendered
Stalingrad Snipers
Soviet Winter
Invasion of Italy
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During Battle of Stalingrad, US & Britain decided to
attack Italy
Allied forces captured Sicily & forced Mussolini from
power
King Victor Emmanuel had Mussolini arrested and
one month later, Italy surrendered to Allies
Later Mussolini was found in a German truck trying
to escape
Next day, shot and body hung in Milan for all to see
Picture of hanging Mussolini
Mobilizing for War
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In Allied countries, all people helped w/ war
effort (total war)
In US, factories converted to wartime
production – made guns, boots, etc.
US rationed consumer goods to reserve them
for war effort– incl. meat, sugar, rubber, soap,
etc. – set speed limit at 35 mph
All countries used propaganda
War Limits Civil Rights
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Propaganda increased prejudice in US
against Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans suddenly seen as “the
enemy” even if they and their
parents/grandparents lived in the United
States for decades
Feb. 1942 Pres. Roosevelt issued executive
order calling for the internment of Japanese
Americans because they were considered a
threat to the country
War Limits Civil Rights
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Japanese started being rounded up and sent to
restricted locations away from the coast
Ordered to take one suitcase and report to gov’t
Most furniture, appliances, boats, homes seized by
gov’t and sold for profit
Kept in internment camps for 4 years
Many of these actually joined the armed forces and
fought for US, but families still interred
At end of war, released
Later, US officially apologized
Images of Japanese Internment
Images of Japanese Internment
Images of Japanese Internment
D-Day Invasion
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1943 Allies began secretly preparing for
invasion of France
Hitler knew attack was coming, but didn’t
know where
So US General Eisenhower set up a dummy
army w/ headquarters & army down the coast
from actual invasion site
D-Day Invasion
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Operation Overlord or D-Day was largest
land and sea attack in history – June 4, 1944
Allied troops fought there way onto a 60 mile
stretch of beach in Normandy, France
Germans fought back w/ machine guns,
rocket launchers, cannons
Both sides had thousands of deaths, but
Allies held beach, pushed south and liberated
France, Belgium and Luxembourg
Video D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
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While Allies pushing from east toward Germany,
Soviets moving toward Germany from west
Hitler wanted to attack on the west to interrupt the
supply lines gong to the Soviet Union
Attacked Americans in December along 75 mile front
Called Battle of the Bulge b/c pushed a bulge into
the Allied lines
Allies fought back and pushed the Germans back
Map Battle of the Bulge
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
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3 million Allies rolled into Germany from west
6 million Soviets rolled into Germany from
east
Attacked the city with gunfire
Meanwhile, Hitler went to underground
headquarters & on April 29 maried girlfriend
Eva Braun
Next day, both committed suicide
Bodies were carried outside and burned
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
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May 7, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted
unconditional surrender from Nazis
Pros. Roosevelt died before surrender,
though, & Harry Truman became pres.
US & other Allies celebrated V-E day (Victory
in Europe Day) on May 9, 1945
Japanese Retreat
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Meanwhile, Allies moving in on Japan
Oct 1944 Allies landed on Leyte Gulf in the
Phillippines
w/in 4 days Japanese navy lost,
Left only kamikazes or Japanese suicide
pilots to fight Americans
Kamikazes would sink Allied ships by crash
diving bomb filled planes into US ships
Kamikaze Attacks
Kamikaze Attacks
Kamikaze Attacks
Japanese Retreat
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April 1945, US troops moved onto Japanese
island of Okinawa
One of the bloodiest land battles ever ensued
At end, Japanese lost 100,000 troops and the
Americans lost 12,000
US now close enough to Japan to drop
bombs
Japanese Surrender
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In US atomic bomb (new powerful weapon)
was developed by the top secret Manhattan
Project
First bomb successfully exploded in desert of
new Mexico
Pres. Truman warned that if US invaded
Japan on land, ½ million Allied lives would be
lost, so he decided to drop atomic bombs on
them instead
Images Atomic Bomb Damage
3 Hours After Bomb Hit
Destruction After the Bomb
Images Atomic Bomb Damage
Japanese Surrender
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Pres. Truman sent message to Japanese and told
them unless they surrendered, they could expect a
“rain of ruin from the air”
He received no response
Aug 6, 1945 US dropped atomic bombs on
Hiroshima
70,000 – 80,000 ppl died immediately, thousands
more died from effects of the bomb
Aug. 7, US dropped another bomb on Nagasaki
Sept 2, Japan surrendered to the United States
After the War
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I1945 – 1946 22 Nazis put on trial in the Nuremberg
Trials for crimes against humanity
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Many committed suicide before the trial, 10 others
were committed to death and hanged
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US forced Japanese to
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demilitarize (disbanded Japanese military)
democratize (create a democratic gov’t w/ a constitution
based on the constitution of the Untied States)