Transcript World War II

World War II
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini was
the dictator of Italy
during World War II.
(b. 1883 - d. 1945)
Dictator
a ruler with total power over
a country, typically one who
has gained power by force
• Even though both Adolf Hitler
(Germany) and Joseph Stalin
(Soviet Union) were both
dictators, they did not have the
same ideas and were against one
another.
These are the characteristics that leaders
of both the Allies and Axis Powers
possessed.
–confident with their knowledge and know
how
–enthusiastic about their work
–set goals or ambitious
–focused on goals
–organized and mannerly
–stands up for what they believe is right
Axis Power
Italy
Germany
Japan
Allies
Great Britain
Soviet Union
United States
Canada
Part 1
Europe
Nazi Germany
• Hitler began attracting followers when he gave
speeches that attacked Jews, communists, and
other groups of people.
• Hitler did not like that Germany was forced to
sign the Treaty of Versailles, which had been
imposed upon them. Germany was forced to take
responsibility for the war had agreed to pay a
huge fine totaling 32 billion marks.
• Most Germans bitterly resented these terms,
including Hitler.
Nazi Germany
• The Nazi’s learned how to subtly blame
Germany’s humiliation on the Jews. Adolf
Hitler became the dictator of Germany in 1933
as a member of the Nazi party.
• Leaders in Europe tried to avoid war by giving
in to Hitler’s demands. However, Britain and
France told Hitler not to invade Poland.
– Hitler did anyway.
– Britain and France declared war on Germany.
• Germany defeated France and continued to
try and “break” Great Britain by constantly
bombing them.
• Battle of Britain
– continuous air raids, or attacks.
• Germany invaded the USSR (Soviet Union)
• With all of this, the United States Congress
passed laws requiring President Roosevelt to
stay neutral, or not to take sides.
• Roosevelt still tried to help Churchill, and
Stalin with supplies.
Hitler’s Goal
To take over the rest
of Europe, if not the
world.
World War II Begins
1. There is a rise of dictators in Europe and Asia.
Dictators Hitler and Mussolini sign a treaty
agreeing to support each other.
2. Germany, Italy, and Japan become known as the
Axis Powers and begin invading countries
throughout the world.
3. Britain and France, know as the Allies, warn
Hitler not to invade Poland. Hitler ignores this
treaty.
4. Britain and France declare war on Germany.
Goal of the Allies
• Stop Axis Powers and defeat them so they
could not invade other countries again.
• Allies landed in North Africa to free the
Mediterranean Sea from German control
(Operation Torch)
– Allies wanted to protect oil fields in Middle East
• Help Soviet Union who was being invaded by
Germany (USSR was able to hold off Germany
and began defeating them on the east.)
Strategies of Allies (Europe)
• heavy bombing raids on Germany
• ground troops on the boundaries of German
occupied lands
• surprise attacks
Steps leading up to Germany’s
Surrender
• Italy surrendered when Allies landed, but the
Germans still kept fighting
• Allies invaded Normandy on D-Day to help
relieve Russian troops
– This led to surrender of Axis Powers in Europe.
• Fought against Germans on the west (sneak
attack)
D-Day
• Operation Overlord- code name for the
invasion of Europe by Allied forces. Nearly
160,000 troops crossed the English Channel
on June 6, 1944 and more than 3 million
troops landed by the end of August.
D-Day
• The invasion of Normandy on D-Day provided
a second front against the Germans in the
west and provided some relief for the Russian
troops. The invasion of Normandy led to the
eventual surrender of the Axis Powers in
Europe, but Allies continued to struggle
against Japanese army.
Part 2
Pacific
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Goal of the Japanese
• Establish control of the Far
East (Asia) in order to
ensure economic
prosperity (wealth) of the
Japanese people.
Response to Pearl Harbor
• President Roosevelt asked the U.S. Congress
to declare war on Japan.
• Germany and Italy then declared war on the
United States to support their ally, Japan. (Axis
Powers)
Strategies of the Allies
• Island Hopping- strategy used by the Allies in
the fight against Japan in which they bypassed
heavily armed islands and instead attacked
islands that were not well defended but were
strategically important in their movement
towards the main Japanese islands.
Battle of Iwo Jima
• Japanese island that was the site
of some of the fiercest fighting
during World War II. The battle
began on February 19, 1945 and
continued until March 26, 1945.
• Japan was unwilling to accept defeat, so there
were several American casualties (deaths).
• During this time, Roosevelt died and Harry
Truman became President.
• Scientists tested the atomic bomb.
– President Truman decided to use the atomic
bomb on Japan, rather than invading Japan and
risking more American lives.
Atomic Bombs
• The United States dropped two
bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
which led to the surrender of the
Japanese and brought about the end
of World War II.
3. Home Front
The Home Front
• Individuals, especially school age
children, helped the war effort by
collecting materials that could be
used by the military including
scarp metal and old rubber.
“Do Your Part”
• The nation came together as each American was
encouraged to “Do Your Part” in the war effort.
• Each and every American was called upon to conserve
scarce materials by contributing to scrap metal drives
and planting “Victory Gardens.”
• Victory gardens- gardens planted by citizens allowing
more of the food supply to be used by those in the
military.
• Americans were required to use rationing books.
• The economy was finally pulled out of the Depression
by the war efforts. Everyone went to work to help win
the war.
Victory Gardens
• Gardens planted by citizens
enabling more of the food
supply to be used by those in
the military.
Rationing
• Occurred when the
government limited the
amount of food each person in
the United States could buy
during World War II.
Propaganda
•Systematic effort to
spread opinions and
beliefs
Women
• Women, as homemakers, were responsible for rationing
and victory gardens.
• During this time, more women began to work outside the
home. They took the place of husbands, sons, and brothers
in factories and built airplanes, trucks, and ships.
• ‘Rosie the Riveter’ became an icon of the period.
• Women were expected to return home when the war
ended and the soldiers returned to their jobs.
• Despite hardships, such as discrimination and lack of child
care, many women missed the workplace.
• This wartime experience helped lay the foundation for the
women’s movement of the 1960s.
Rosie the Riveter
• Fictional character used in propaganda during
World War II
• Encouraged women to work in manufacturing
plants doing the work previously done by
male workers
African Americans
• African Americans demanded the right to wartime jobs
and President Roosevelt ordered that they be given
opportunity.
• Many more African Americans moved to cities in the
north and on the Pacific coast to work in wartime
industries.
• African Americans made some advances in the military
during the war, such as the Tuskegee Airmen; however,
they still served in segregated (separated) units, just
like in previous wars, and were assigned duties of
lesser importance because of racial discrimination.
African Americans (cont.)
• The role played by African American soldiers in
the war and the treatment by whites on the
home front during and after the war ended,
prompted President Truman to order that the
army be desegregated (not kept separated) after
World War II.
• The experiences of African Americans proving
themselves by serving their country at home
(called the double victory campaign), helped lay
the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement of
the 1960s.
Japanese Americans
• Japanese Americans faced the most discrimination.
• Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, 110,000
Japanese Americans were moved to internment camps
in the western deserts of the United States.
• They were made to leave their homes and businesses
with little warning or money for the loss of their things
and everyday life.
• They were imprisoned behind barbed wire fences
without the right to a trial and without proof that they
were not loyal to the United States.
• Despite the discrimination, Japanese Americans
continued to be loyal to the United States.
Relocation Camps
• Internment camps
• Places where Japanese
Americans were sent during
World War II
Summarize what life
was like for one of the
groups of people
during World War II.
Weapons
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Introduction
• Technology, aviation, weaponry, and
communication had a very big impact on the
war.
• Producing materials for the war boosted the
economy and lifted the nation out of the
Great Depression.
• There were many medicines created during
this time, such as penicillin to help not only
soldiers, but many people during this time.
Aviation (Planes)
• Aviation improved because the Allies were able
to train bombers to fly farther and use radar to
track these planes and to spot enemy planes.
• By the end of the war, jets were being developed.
• After the war, personal and business air travel
and the transportation of goods around the world
grew because of the more advanced plane
technology.
Communication
• Secret communications codes developed during
the war contributed to the development of
computer systems designed to break those codes.
• The first computers were room-sized machines.
• The computer industry has grown so much in the
last sixty years.
• Americans are now able to enjoy instant access to
information through computers, lap tops, smart
phones, tablets and other hand-held devices.
Weapons
• The two atom bombs dropped on Japan were developed by
a team of scientists in the United States who were trying to
beat the Germans to the technology.
• Albert Einstein encouraged President Franklin D. Roosevelt
to establish the Manhattan Project that developed the
bomb.
• Albert Einstein was not involved in the process.
• The arms race, is a competition between two or more
parties to have the best armed forces, started as a result of
America’s exclusive control of the atom bomb.
• This race to develop new and better bombs has resulted in
the government spending a lot of its money on the military.
Manhattan Project
• The Manhattan Project was the code name
given to the effort to build an atomic bomb in
the United States. Robert Oppenheimer was
chosen to oversee the project.
• An atomic bomb is a bomb that create a
massive explosion.
Manhattan Project
• Little Boy was the name given to the bomb that was
dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August
6, 1945. It was the first atomic bomb ever used in war.
It was delivered by the B-29 Superfortress the Enola
Gay. It is estimated that 90,000 people were killed by
this bomb.
• Three days later another atomic bomb named Fat Man
was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. It is estimated
that 60,000 people died from this bomb.
• On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered and the war
came to an end.
Post World War II
• The United States established a democracy in Japan.
• Germany was divided into 4 zones and occupied by the four
Allied powers. Soon the United States, Great Britain, and
France united their zones and helped to create a
democratic government in what later became known as
West Germany.
• The Soviet Union established a communist government in
East Germany. Berlin, the former capital of Germany, was
similarly divided although it was located entirely within the
Soviet zone.
• Although the United States emerged from the war as a
dominant world power, it would soon find itself in
confrontation with its World War II ally, the Soviet Union.