Transcript The Versailles Treaty

The Versailles Treaty
The Versailles Treaty
• Land
• Reparations
• War Guilt
• League of
Nations
• Military
Restrictions
The Versailles Treaty
• German army
reduced
• Germany
barred from
having tanks,
an air force,
or submarines
• Occupied
DMZ west of
the Rhineland
Map showing German territory lost
and the Rhineland DMZ
The League of Nations
Although
President
Wilson was the
driving force
behind the
creation of the
League of
Nations, the
United States
did not join it.
The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are dissatisfied.
The Great Depression
Economic
• economic functions
controlled by state
corporations or state
Cultural
• Censorship
• Indoctrination
• Secret police
Basic principles
•Authoritarianism
•State more
important than the
individual
•Charismatic leader
•Action oriented
Characteristics
of Fascism
Political
• nationalist
• racist (Nazism)
• One-party rule
• Supreme leader
• Supported by
middle class,
industrialists and
military
Chief Examples
• Italy
• Spain
• Germany
Social
Italy
Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers
Rise of the Nazis
• Germany’s
economic woes
• Political
instability
• Fascism
• National
Socialist
German
Workers’ Party
Adolf Hitler
The Nazis
promoted a
view of
Germany as
surrounded
by enemies
and
threatened
on all sides
The Nazis Gain Power
Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Il
Duce
Emperor
Haile
Selassie
Germany Rearms
German troops march back into the Rhineland,
March 1936
Building an Axis
Signing of Tripartite pact to form
the Axis Alliance
Hitler and Mussolini
Rome-Berlin Axis
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco Franco
The Spanish Civil War:
A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
Italian troops in
Madrid
The Destruction of Guernica
American Foreign
Policy, 1932–1941
• Isolationism
• Neutrality
Acts
• FDR
• Lend-Lease
• The
Atlantic
Charter
Churchill and FDR at sea
during the Atlantic Charter
talks
America-First Committee
Charles Lindbergh
The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
The “Problem” of the
Sudetenland
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement,
1938
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr
Hitler is a man we can do business with.
1938:
Hitler
named
Time’s
Man of the
Year
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of
the Third Reich: 1939
The Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers
von Ribbentrop & Molotov
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
German Troops March into Warsaw
German Advances, 1939
France – False Sense of Security?
The Maginot
Line
European Theater of Operations
Dunkirk Evacuated
June 4, 1940
France Surrenders
June, 1940
A Divided France
Henri Petain
The French Resistance
The Free French
General Charles
DeGaulle
British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”