Transcript File

TAV Chapter 20
Benito Mussolini
• School teacher
• Fascist Party 1919
– Empire building and national pride
– Promised full employment and social security
• Black shirts
– Militia threatened to march on Rome in 1922
– King Victor Emanuel was convinced to make
Mussolini the premier – Took over the country.
• Anti-communist
Joseph Stalin
• Following Lenin’s death Stalin took over the
USSR in 1926
• High output –Low wages (43%)
• Collectives
• Opposition
• Communist
Adolf Hitler
• Born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20,
1889
• WW I
– Wounded twice
– Twice awarded the Iron Cross
for bravery
• Military spy after WW I
Nazis
• German Worker’s Party
• Hitler changed the name to The National
Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI)
• Nov. 1923 the Nazis tried to take power in
Munich (Beer Hall Putsch)
• Mein Kampf
• 1932 Nazis grew within the Reichstag
• 1933 Hitler is appointed chancellor by Paul
von Hindenburg
• August 1934 Hindenburg
died and Hitler became
Der Fuhrer.
Economic Circle
United States
Germany
Great Britain &
France
War Debt
• Economic circle
• Germany’s plight
Neutrality
• Nye Committee-suggested that arms
manufactures pushed the US into WW I.
• Led to the Neutrality Act of 1935-No selling of
arms to nations at war
• Roosevelt warned that neutrality may
eventually drag the US into war.
Attack on Manchuria
• July 1937 Japan attacked China in order to
take advantage of their natural resources.
• Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply so we
sent arms to help out China
• Tattoos
Neutrality
Chapter 20 Section 2
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Time Line
• 1935, Hitler begins building up the military
• March 1936, Rhineland
• Feb. 1938, Hitler threatens to invade Austria
unless Austrian Nazis were given important Govt
positions.
• The Austrian chancellor gave into demands and
wanted a vote on unification.
• Hitler sent troops into Austria in March 1938
declaring the Anschluss of Germany and Austria
Munich Conference
• Hitler staked a claim on the Sudetenland of
Czechoslovakia b/c of the German speaking
people there.
• Sept. 29, 1938, Great Britain, France, Italy, and
Germany met to decide about the
Sudetenland
Appeasement
• GB and France agreed to give the Sudetenland
to Germany or Czech. would have to fight
Germany alone.
• GB’s Neville Chamberlain returned home
touting, “ a peace with honor … peace in our
time.”
• March 1939, Germany sent troops into Czech
– Divided into 2 (Slovakia) -Protectorate
Non-Aggression Pact
• August 23, 1939, Germany and the USSR
signed an agreement not to attack each other
Poland
• Sept. 1, 1939, German troops rolled into
Poland.
• Blitzkrieg
• GB and France declare war on Germany
• Sept. 27th Warsaw fell to Germany
• By October 5th Poland had fallen
Fall of France
• Defensive bunkers – the Maginot Line
• May 10, 1940 German troops attack France by
going around the Maginot Line.
– Through Belgium and Luxembourg and the Ardennes
Forest
• French and English troops were trapped at
Dunkirk
– 3 day delay made it possible for 338,000 troops to be
rescued
• Vichy France puppet govt.
Battle of Britain
Chapter 20 Section 3
THE HOLOCAUST
Nuremberg Laws
• Targeted Jews mainly as well as others the
Nazis saw as inferior
• Sept. 1935 - Removed citizenship for GermanJews
• Marriage
• Public office
Kristallnacht
• Nov. 7, 1938, a German diplomat was killed by
a Jew
• Nov. 9th Jews were targets in retaliation
• Staged by Joseph Goebbels, the minister of
propaganda
• The following day the Gestapo arrested
30,000 Jews
The Final Solution
• Wannsee Conference- Determine the Jewish
question
• Concentration Camps
• Extermination Camps
• 1937, Buchenwald was the first and largest
concentration camp
Destroyers for Bases
• 50 old destroyers
America First
• Isolationists
• 1940 Fight for Freedom Committee pushes for
a stronger stand against Germany
Lend Lease Act
• Lend or lease arms to any country vital to the
defense of the US.
• 40 billion in supplies to the Allies
Hemispheric Defense Zone
• Western Atlantic was neutral
• US ships would radio the location of German
Submarines to the British
Atlantic Charter
• Aug. 1941, FDR and Churchill met near
Newfoundland
– Post war world of democracy and free trade
– Force an incident
• German Sub. sank US destroyer Oct. 31, 1941
– Reuben James
– Shoot on sight order
Embargo Against Japan
• July 1940, Congress gave FDR the power to
restrict the sale of strategic materials
• FDR blocked the sale of Airplane fuel and
scrap iron to Japan
– Japan responded by joining the Axis of Germany
and Italy
• Japan sent troops into Indochina so we set up
an oil embargo until they pull out.
Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941, the Japanese launch a
surprise attack on the US Naval Base
– 2,403 killed
– 1,178 injured
SURPRISE ATTACK AGAINST THE
UNITED STATES BY THE EMPIRE OF
JAPAN
HARRIS, George Ellsworth MM1c USN Illinois
JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL
HARBOR
• Dec. 7, 1941, Japan conducted a surprise
attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
– 2,403 people died in the Sunday morning
attack
– Killed soldiers, sailors, & civilians
– Destroyed 200 planes, 5 battleships, & 3
cruisers
• Aircraft carriers were out to sea when the
attack happened
The USS Arizona
December 7, 1941
• “a date that will live in infamy”
• The U.S. declares war against Japan
• Dec. 11th Germany & Italy declare war on the
U.S.
During The Attack
Torpedo Found In 1999
Oil From The USS Arizona