Transcript WWII Begins Spring 2016

WWI: THE WAR TO END ALL
WARS, NOT QUITE
THE ROAD TO WWII
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:
EFFECT:
• The Treaty of Versailles: • A growing desire for
revenge among
– The War Guilt Clause
Germans after their
– Forced Reparations
treatment at the end of
– Large territorial losses
for Germany
WWI
– Dismantling of the
German military.
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:
• Technological
innovation in WWI;
– Mass production/
assembly line
– Advent of mass
advertising
– General rise in wages
EFFECT:
• Development of
widespread consumer
goods/consumer
economy in the U.S.
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:
EFFECT:
• Uneq. Distr. Of Wealth
• Decreasing Consumerism
as credit debt amassed
• A growing acceptance
of debt in 1920s
America through the
use of installment plans • Instability of banks and
• Risky investment
the stock market in the
practices such as
U.S.
buying on margin and
• Black Tuesday-stock speculation.
Ultimately led the U.S.
into a depression
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE
• A shut down in
international trade due
to tariff wars
• Massive debt incurred
by Europeans during
WWI
• “Drying up” of U.S.
credit to nations
overseas.
EFFECT:
• The depression became
a global affair
DRAWING CONNECTIONS
CAUSE:
• Severe economic
depression in Germany in
the 1930s
• Humiliation over the terms
in the Treaty of Versailles
• German government’s lack
of an effective response to
economic and political
problems.
EFFECT:
• Rise of the nationalistic,
NAZI Party and Adolf
Hitler in Germany
WWII
The Road to War
Rise of Totalitarian Dictators
• WWI was professed to be the “War to end all
wars.” In reality, quite the opposite was true
• What triggered the rise of totalitarian
dictatorships?
– Treaty of Versailles
• Angered Germany, Italy, and Japan
• League of Nations too weak
– Great Depression
• The Depression undermined democratic governments
• Nations like Germany, Italy, Soviet Union turn toward
Totalitarian Regimes
Italy: The Rise of Benito Mussolini
and Fascism
Benito Mussolini
Fascism—
• Form of government that exalts
nation and often race above the
individual
• Centralized, oppressive government
headed by a dictator leader
• Severe economic and social
regimentation, and forcible
suppression of opposition
Read the article: “The Great Depression
and Hitler’s Rise to Power”
Hitler's Rise to Power
Hitler’s Ideology
Mein Kampf
Lebensraum
• Hitler’s autobiography, written • “Living Space”
while in prison, in which he
• Hitler’s foreign policy: Eastern
outlines his political ideology
Europe had to be conquered to
and future plans for Germany.
create a vast German empire for
• Extreme Anti-Semitism…uses
more physical space, a greater
Jews as scapegoat for all of
population, and new territory to
Germany’s problems.
supply food and raw materials.
– “Here he stops at nothing, and in
his vileness he becomes so
gigantic that no one need be
surprised if among our people the
personification of the devil as the
symbol of all evil assumes the
living shape of the Jew.”
– “Without consideration of traditions
and prejudices, Germany must find
the courage to gather our people and
their strength for an advance along
the road that will lead this people
from its present restricted living
space to new land and soil, and
hence also free it from the danger of
vanishing from the earth or of
serving others as a slave nation.”
Lebensraum
• "The external security of a people in largely
determined by the size of its territory."
• “Therefore we National Socialists have purposely
drawn a line through the line of conduct followed by
pre-War Germany in foreign policy. We put an end to
the perpetual Germanic march towards the South
and the West of Europe and turn our eyes towards
the lands of the East. We finally put a stop to the
colonial and trade policy of pre-War times and pass
over to the territorial policy of the future. When we
speak of new territory in Europe today we must
principally think of Russia and the border states
subject to her.”
Mein Kampf
• “Slowly fear and the Marxist weapon of Jewry descend like a
nightmare on the mind and soul of decent people.”
• “With satanic joy in his face, the black-haired Jewish youth lurks in
wait for the unsuspecting girl whom he defiles with his blood, thus
stealing her from her people. With every means he tries to destroy
the racial foundations of the people he has set out to subjugate. Just
as he himself systematically ruins women and girls, he does not
shrink back from pulling down the blood barriers for others, even on
a large scale. It was and it is Jews who bring the Negroes into the
Rhineland, always with the same secret thought and clear aim of
ruining the hated white race by the necessarily resulting
bastardization, throwing it down from its cultural and political height,
and himself rising to be its master.”
Mein Kampf
• “Culturally, he contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes
a mockery of natural feeling, overthrows all concepts of
beauty and sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead
drags men down into the sphere of his own base nature.”
• “Now begins the great last revolution. In gaining political
power the Jew casts off the few cloaks that he still wears. The
democratic people’s Jew becomes the blood-Jew and tyrant
over peoples. In a few years he tries to exterminate the
national intelligentsia and by robbing the peoples of their
natural intellectual leadership makes them ripe for the slave’s
lot of permanent subjugation.”
Mein Kampf…
Manipulating the Masses
• “The masses find it difficult to understand politics, their intelligence is
small. Therefore all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few
points. The masses will only remember only the simplest ideas repeated a
thousand times over. If I approach the masses with reasoned arguments,
they will not understand me. In the mass meeting, their reasoning power is
paralyzed. What I say is like an order given under hypnosis.”
• “The whole organization of education, and training which the People's State
is to build up must take as its crowning task the work of instilling into the
hearts and brains of the youth entrusted to it the racial instinct and
understanding of the racial idea. No boy or girl must leave school without
having attained a clear insight into the meaning of racial purity and the
importance of maintaining the racial blood unadulterated. Thus the first
indispensable condition for the preservation of our race will have been
established and thus the future cultural progress of our people will be
assured.”
Japanese Militarists on the Rise
• Who had true power in
Japan?
• Why did Japan seek to
expand its empire in Asia?
• Who was Japan’s most
powerful competitor in
the Pacific?
Competition in the Pacific
Soviet Union: Rise of Joseph Stalin
• Stalin grasps power in Soviet Union in
1924 following Vladimir Lenin’s death.
• Life Under Joseph Stalin
–
–
–
–
–
–
Totalitarian Dictator
Very suspicious of West, esp. Germany
No political freedoms
Forced Labor Camps
Great Purge
5 Year Plans/Collectivization cause mass
suffering
– An estimated 30-50 million people died during Joseph Stalin-Mini Bio
Stalin’s rule in the Soviet Union
The Great Purge
Great Purge-History.com
– Uses fear to maintain absolute control
A Weak International
System
Creating Conditions for the Rise of
the Axis Powers
Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
– Peace Treaty Officially Ending War b/n Germany & Allied Powers
• Treaty Establishes the League of Nations
• Treaty Intended to Punish & Weaken Germany
– War Guilt Clause
• Germany must accept full responsibility for the war
– Had to pay massive reparations to the allies
• Most of reparations would go to France/Belgium
– German military dismantled…why?
• Army reduced to 100,000 men
• Not allowed to have Tanks or Air Force
• Demilitarized Rhineland
– Germany suffered major territorial losses
• Lose: Alsace & Lorraine, Baltic States (land won from Russia), Poland, &
more
Frederick Niche
• Frederick Niche: “The punishment often
increases the feeling of estrangement and
strengthens the power of resistance.”
The “Stab in the Back” Theory
German Soldiers are Dissatisfied
A Weak League of Nations
A Weak League of Nations
 AMERICA NOT A MEMBER…WHY IS THIS SO
SIGNIFICANT?
 No effective military force.
 No control of major conflicts.
 No progress in disarmament.
Axis Powers: Acts of Aggression
The Manchurian Crisis (1931)
• Why did Japan want to expand into China/Korean
Peninsula?
The Manchurian Crisis (1931)
How did the League of Nations respond to Japan’s actions?
What was the impact of this?
Germany (1933-1935)
• Hitler Withdraws Germany
from the League of Nations
(1933)
• Renounces Treaty of
Versailles—begins
rearmament (1935)
• Germany starts military
draft; builds armaments;
establishes Luftwaffe—Air
Force (1935)
Italy Invades Ethiopia (1935)
Haile Salassie
• What advantages did control of Ethiopia offer to Italy?
• What was Mussolini’s goal for Italy?
Germany Occupies Rhineland
(3/7/1936)
• Rhine: DMZ b/n Germany and
France
– Gave French access to Ruhr Valley:
heartland of German industry
– Why were the French so reluctant to
respond?
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
• Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
• Anti-Comintern Pact: Germany, Italy, Japan
• Formal Military Alliance: Axis Powers (1940)
– Germany, Italy, Japan
America in the 1930s
Isolationism
US Neutrality Acts: 1935 & 1937
• Nye Committee: huge profits by arms factories in WWI
• Neutrality Acts:
– Bans sale on weapons to warring nations…why?
– Hope to remain out of the War in Europe…why?
• Cash and Carry: What was it?
Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy
• Why were relations strained between the U.S. and
Latin America in the early 1900s?
• Why did Roosevelt seek to improve relations w/ Latin
America?
• Good Neighbor Policy:
– Committed to policy of non-military intervention in L.
America
• Withdrew U.S. troops from multiple Latin American nations (i.e.
Haiti)
– Lowered tariffs; more fair trade deals
– Nullified Platt Amendment w/ Cuba
– Fostered further cultural ties between U.S. and Mexico
Europe…
On the Brink of World War
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
•Fascist Leader, Francisco Franco, leads Nationalist
Party in Civil War against the “Popular Front,” in
Spain…Hitler and Mussolini send aid to Franco
seeing it as an opportunity to spread their influence
and test their militaries
•Significance: Dress Rehearsal for WWII for
Germany and Italy
Japanese Invasion of China (1937)
Rape of Nanking
Significance:
•
•
Over 200,000 Chinese killed by Japanese soldiers in Nanking (most civilians)…
League of Nations condemned actions, but did nothing to stop it…
Austrian Anschluss
• Forced unification of
Austria and Germany
• Hitler’s Goal: unify all
German speaking
people
The Problem of the Sudetenland
• Sudetenland: Area of Czechoslovakia with a lg. German population
• FR, GB, USSR pledge aid to Czechs if attacked
• What happens when Hitler demands the Sudetenland?
The Munich Agreement
(Sept. 1938)
• Meeting of reps. from
GB, FR, IT, GM to discuss
Sudetenland, Czech.
• Appeasement
– GB/FR give in to German
demands
– Leave Czechs hanging…
hand over Sudetenland
to Hitler
British PM: Neville Chamberlain
“Now we have secured peace in our time.
Herr Hitler is a man we can do business
with.”
• Italy invades Albania
Video Clip: Neville Chamberlain
Czechoslovakia Enters the Third Reich
(March 1939)
“Spineless Leaders of Democracy”
th
50
April 1939: Hitler’s
Birthday
Present…The Eagle’s Nest
Euro-Trip 2012 Photos
Europe: 1939
Japan: 1939
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact:
(Aug. 1939)
• Temporary non-aggress.
Agreement b/n Hitler &
Stalin…Why?
• Includes secret deal to divide
Poland b/n GM and USSR
• Significance: Opens the door for
the start of WWII
WWII Begins
World War II Begins (Sept.1939)
• Germany invades
Poland (9/1/1939)
• Significance:
– France and England
declare war on Germany
(9/3/1939)
– Begins WWII
German Advances: Sep. 1939
Blitzkrieg!
• Why do defenses blitz
quarterbacks in football?
• If “Krieg” is German for war,
what is meant by blitzkrieg?
– “Lightning War”
– German military strategy:
fast/flexible
• How would a military
employ blitzkrieg?
• Armor concentrations/
utilization of tanks; mass
air support; paratroopers;
radio
Go To WWII Map PowerPoint
Up to Fall of France
Hitler’s Next Quest?
Winston Churchill--Speech to the RAF (Battle of Britain)
Winston Churchill:
“We Shall Never Surrender!”
• “Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous
States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the
odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go
on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas
and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing
strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost
may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the
landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we
shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and if, which I do
not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were
subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed
and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until,
in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might,
steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.”
—Winston Churchill; June 4, 1940…following Oper. Dynamo
Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)
• New Sheriff in Town: Winston Churchill (Brit
PM)
– Vows Britain will NEVER surrender
– British Royal Air Force (RAF) all that stands
between Nazi’s and control of W. Europe
• German Attack: Operation Sea Lion
– Goal: Eliminate RAF; open Britain for invasion
• Battle for control of the air
– Hitler abandons bombing of strategic military sights
(RAF & airfields)
– Targets civilian populations…big mistake
– 30,000 Londoners killed; RAF loses 900 aircraft
– Luftwaffe loses over 1700 aircraft
Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)
• Outcome: Hitler abandons
invasion of Britain (10/1940)
• Significance:
– 1st Major Use of Radar
• Germans bomb at night (less
efficient)
– First Major German Defeat
– Morale Boost for Brits
– Pushed more Americans to
support assisting British
cause v. Germany
Behind Enemy Lines
Holocaust Webquest