Transcript Unit V Review _3_ - Doral Academy Preparatory

Unit V: 1914 – Present
Why 1914?
 World War (Decline of Empires)
 “Decolonization” & New Nations
 Cold War Conflicts
 Globalization
Causes of WWI:
M – Militarism
A – Alliances
I – Imperialism
N – Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Europe in 1914
World War I
 Total War Effort: women; colonial soldiers
 Machine guns, subs, planes, tanks, trench
warfare = major death & destruction
 Financial strain on empires
 New nation-states formed (Palestinians, Jews,
Arabs, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)
 Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles
Lasting-Peace:
-Creation of League
of Nations
-No secret alliances
-Poland is created
Causes of WW II:
-Germany pays reparations
-Arms Limitation
-Germany lost Territory
-Great Depression
New Map of
Europe
Acts of Aggression Lead to WWII:
Country
Area Attacked
Japan
Manchuria, China
Italy
Ethiopia
Germany
1. Austria
2. Czechoslovakia
3. Poland (1939)
AXIS POWERS:
-Adolf Hitler:
re-armed Germany into a
modern war machine
- Italian dictator Benito
Mussolini
*Both Fascist allies
“APPEASEMENT” OF HITLER
“My good friends… I have
returned form Germany bringing
peace with honor. I believe it is
peace for our time… Go home
and get a nice quiet sleep.”
“An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile,
hoping it will eat him last.”
- Winston Churchill
German “Blitzkreig” of Europe
Japanese Aggression in Pacific:
-Bombing of Pearl Harbor
- Japanese imperial expansion
Turning Points: Africa & Italy
Operation Overlord
(D-Day), 1944
Operation Torch,
1942-43
Invasion of Sicily
and Italy, 1943
El Alamein,
1942-43
August 6, 1945:
U.S. dropped
atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
Democracy in Japan:
• 7 yr. U.S. occupation
• new Constitution &
democratic gov’t
Impacts of World War II
WW II:
1.
Western powers
weakened
2. Costs of War
3. Ends Fascism
4. Atrocities: Nazi
Holocaust, Rape of
Nanjing, Atomic Bombings
Post-WW II:
1. Decolonization: Creation
of “3rd World” countries
2. The Cold War:
“Bipolar World” of US vs.
USSR
(arms race, proxy wars, space
race, containment)
3. United Nations
20th-cen. Revolutions:
•Rural peasants
•Rapid Industrialization
•Corrupt political systems
•Foreign intervention
Mexican Revolution (1911-1917)
“Tierra y Libertad”
Changes:
• 1917 Constitution
• Land redistribution for peasants
• Universal voting
• Educational reforms for boys/girls
• Workers unions
• Single-party dominance by PRI
Russian Revolution
“Peace, Bread, & Land”
1. 1917: oust Czar
2. Communist “Bolshevik”
party takes power (Lenin as
leader)
3. Lenin industrializes U.S.S.R.
w/ the New Economic Policy
Effects:
• Capital moved to Moscow
• Authoritarian dictatorship (Stalin’s
5-Year Plans industrialized military)
• Supported Communist movements
around world
Chinese Revolutions:
1911: Qing Dynasty overthrown
Sun Yat-Sen – “Father of Modern China”; 1st
democratically elected leader
Mao Zedong: 1949 Communist Revolution defeats
Chiang Kaishek (flees to Taiwan)
How do these
paintings
demonstrate how
Mao was
successful at
gaining power in
China?
Cuban Revolution:
1959: Castro seized power
 Tried to spread Communism
 allied w/ Soviets
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (1962 ):
Soviet missiles w/ nukes
on island
Iranian Revolution:
1953: Shah Mohammad Reza took power
1979 - Ayatollah Khomenini ousted Shah
- 1st Islamic Fundamentalist gov’t
- Hostage Crisis: 55 Americans held in Tehran
- 1980-1988: Iraq-Iran War
Decolonization Movements:

Anti-colonial nationalism after 1945 :
1.
2.
3.
Violent Revolutions & Civil War:
China, Algeria, Vietnam, Palestinians
Non-Violent Independence: India, Ghana,
Turkey
Both: Kenya, Egypt, South Africa
Violent Movements
Palestine & Israel:
 1917 Balfour Declaration: promised a Jewish state
 1948: Israel created
Algeria:
1954-1962: FLN rebels against French
 “Arab nationalism”
 FLN used terrorist tactics
Non-Violent Movements
India:
 Indian National Congress (1885): Elite, educated


Indian national consciousness
Gandhi: prevented violence
- boycotts: Salt March, Homespun Movement


Muslims: led by Jinnah (Muslim League) insisted on
separate Hindu & Muslim states
1947: “Partition” of India & Pakistan
De-colonization in Africa:
 Ghana…led by westerneducated Kwame Nkrumah
 Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta
used non-violent protests
“Africa for Africans”:
- Pan-Africanism
- African National Congress
Decolonization of Africa
Egypt:
 1952: coup by Nasser
 1956: Suez Canal nationalized
 Nasser: symbol of “pan-Arab
nationalism”
South Africa:
 Dutch Afrikaner dominated
 Apartheid – separation of
blacks
 1994: Nelson Mandela 1st
Black Pres,
Nasser in Egypt
Nehru in India
Nkrumah in Ghana
Ataturk in Turkey
Kenyatta in Kenya
Mao Zedong in China
U.S. COLD WAR POLICIES:
1. CONTAINMENT: block Soviet influence
2. TRUMAN DOCTRINE: monetary support to allies
SOVIET RESPONSE:
1. W. & E. Germany
2. BERLIN WALL (1961)
“THE IRON CURTAIN “
Soviet-occupied E. Europe
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”
ARMS RACE:
-Massive military buildup
“SPACE RACE”:
-USSR: 1957 Sputnik
-U.S.: NASA
-1961: USSR 1st in space
-1969: U.S. 1st on moon
Vietnam:
 Anti-French rebellion
 Ho Chi Minh: educated;
Communist leader
 U.S. involvement
Fall of USSR:
• Gorbachev: economic & political
opening up (Glasnost & Perestroika)
• China: still Communist; under Deng
ONLY slow economic reforms
Global Economics
 North (rich) & South (poor)
 “Asian Tigers”:

Singapore, S. Korea, Taiwan,
Hong Kong
 Globalization


NAFTA; W.T.O.
Response to Globalization?
“Globalization”
International Terrorism
Genocide
Social Reforms:
 Rise of Feminism (suffrage for women)
 Civil rights movements
Environmental Issues:
 “Green Revolution”: food
 Deforestation, global warming…
World Population