Transcript Slide 1
CST Review Day 7 World History Communist Revolutions Rise of Totalitarians Causes Leader Bolshevik Revolution Slogan Outcomes Causes Widespread suffering and weak leadership under the Czar (poor working conditions, low wages). Revolutionary movements that believed in a worker-run government…communism. Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Bloody Sunday (unarmed protestors). World War I (high casualties, and economic ruin). The March Revolution (soldiers joining activists). Leader • Vladimir Lenin Slogan Outcome Czarist rule ends Bolshevik Party Communists take control Russian economy in shambles industrial production drops trade all but ceases skilled workers flee the country Lenin asserts his control by cruel methods Gulag (prison camps) Run by the Cheka Stalin Rival • Leon Trotsky Stalinist Russia Cultural Control: propaganda and control free speech. Terror/Political Control: secret police and the Great Purge. Economic Control: command economy, collectivization and the Five Year Plan. Characteristics— Definition— Total Control for public and private lives Secret police Propaganda Terror Totalitarianism Examples Non-Examples Characteristics— Definition— No private ownership All means of production are owned by the people (or the government) Sharing is caring Proletariat run All goods and services WE!! Examples— USSR China East Germany North Korea Vietnam Cuba shared equally Communism Non-examples— USA Transformation in China Nationalists (Jiang) vs. Communists (Mao) The Long March Communists China (the People’s Republic) Great Leap Forward: communes and government ownership Cultural Revolution: PEASANTS, Red Guards Tiananmen Square: protests for democratic reforms Country Leader Ideas/Policies Events US Policy Outcome China Mao North Korea Kim Jon Il (Kim Sung Il’s son) Communism 38th Parallel Cuba Castro Communism Cuban Missile Crisis Containment Still communist Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Communism Nationalism v. Imperialism Vietcong Vietnam War Containment Still communist Communism Tiananmen Containment Still Great Leap Forward Square communist Cultural Revolution Korea War Containment Still (north communist invades south) Activity 1 arm in the air = Russian Revolution 2 arms in the air = China’s Revolution 3 arms (using a partner) = Stalinist USSR 4 arms (using a partner) = trick question Had to withdrawal from WWI because a revolution broke out? Slogan was peace, land, and bread? Slogan was Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity? Used the Cheka to maintain control? Used the Red Guard? Led by Mao? Led by Lenin? Brought and end to the Czar’s rule? Five Year Plan: collectivization and rapid industrial growth? The Great Purge to murder millions? The Great Purge to murder millions? The Long March? The Great Leap Forward: communes and government ownership? Cultural Revolution and the making peasants the new HEROES!!! Nationalist vs. Communists? Genocide of the Jews? Trotsky’s rival? Used the youth to retain power? Ended the Manchu dynasty? Established the People’s Republic? Jiang-Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)? Tiananmen Square— student protest Nation Germany Italy Soviet Union Leader Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Political Party Nazi Fascist Communist Dates in Power 1933-1945 1922-1945 1928-1953 Unifying Idea German “Master Race” Rebuild the Roman (nationalism) Empire (nationalism Lebensraum and imperialism) (imperialism ) Rebuild the military (militarism) Classless society Economic Policy Capitalist Capitalist Communist: 5-year plan, collective farms Control Total Less than total Total Terror Holocaust 4,000 imprisoned Great Purge Similarities • Ruled by a dictator—a glorified hero • Allowed only one political party • Emphasized total loyalty to the government and its leader • Denied individual rights • Censored the press and other media • Used art, culture and mass communications to spread propaganda • Encouraged a high birthrate and rewarded women who had many children • Controlled people by terror—secret police Drive for Empire After World War I, Italy, Japan, and Germany all sought to increase their might. Italy and Germany still suffered the effect of the war, and Japan wanted to further the power it had gained during wartime. By the 1930s, all three were led by military dictatorships in which the state held tremendous power and sought to expand that power by invading neighbor nations. Japan • Sought: natural resources, new markets for its goods, and room for population growth • Conquests: – Manchuria, a Chinese province (1931) – Mainland China (1937) • The Rape of Nanking: atrocities against Chinese— millions killed and tens of millions became homeless Italy • Sought: “New Roman Empire” • Conquests – Ethiopia (1935) and Albania (1939) Germany • Sought: rebuild its army and assert its strength • Conquests: – The Rhineland, between Germany and France (1936) – Austria (1938) – The Sudetenland, area of Czechoslovakia (1938) – Czechoslovakia (1939) – Poland (1939)